Immediate Effects of Hamstring Stretching Alone or Combined With Myofascial Release
- Conditions
- Hamstring InjuryStretchingMasseterSurface EMGMyofascial ReleaseTemporomandibular Joint Disorders
- Interventions
- Procedure: Static stretchingProcedure: Myofascial Release
- Registration Number
- NCT05702593
- Lead Sponsor
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt University
- Brief Summary
To assess the immediate effects of hamstring stretching alone or combined with myofascial release of the hamstring muscle on masseter muscle activity, pressure pain threshold, active mouth opening, hamstring flexibility, and forward head flexed posture in recreationally active participants. The young, healthy, recreationally active adults aged 18-25 years were included in the study. The participants were randomly separated into two groups of equal number. Static stretching alone was applied to one group and this was combined with myofascial release techniques (SSMR) for the other group. Masseter muscle activity was assessed using a NORAXON® surface electromyography device. Both pre-and post-intervention, mechanical pressure algometer was used to measure the pressure pain threshold, hamstring flexibility was evaluated using the maximum hip flexion and active knee extension test, the maximum mouth opening (MMO) was measured with the millimetric ruler, and forward flexed posture was evaluated using the tragus to wall distance test.
- Detailed Description
Not available
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- RECRUITING
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 30
- Individuals who had no previous hamstring injury
- Individuals had a Straight Leg Raise test <80°
- Individuals had a pressure-pain threshold difference between two symmetrical points not exceeding 2 kg/cm2
- Individuals who had no previous hamstring injury had no deviation during mouth opening and closing
- acute low back pain or musculoskeletal pain in the lower extremities
- recent spinal surgery
- previous whiplash injury
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Maximum Active Mouth Opening (MMO) Static stretching A tape measure was used to determine the maximum active mouth opening (MMO). Surface EMG Data Collection Static stretching For each subject, EMG activity was recorded from the left and right superficial masseter muscles using a multichannel EMG device.The EMG recordings were obtained with three repetitions during mandibular rest, and maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) in intercuspation (isometry) pre and post-treatment. The EMG data were recorded for 5 seconds, and three trials with 30 seconds of rest between contractions were performed \[Tosato, SENIAM\]. Pressure pain threshold Static stretching The pressure pain threshold was measured using a mechanical pressure algometer (model Baseline® Dolorimeters - Fabrication Enterprises Inc) with a contact head of 1 cm2 area. Pressure pain threshold Myofascial Release The pressure pain threshold was measured using a mechanical pressure algometer (model Baseline® Dolorimeters - Fabrication Enterprises Inc) with a contact head of 1 cm2 area. Surface EMG Data Collection Myofascial Release For each subject, EMG activity was recorded from the left and right superficial masseter muscles using a multichannel EMG device.The EMG recordings were obtained with three repetitions during mandibular rest, and maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) in intercuspation (isometry) pre and post-treatment. The EMG data were recorded for 5 seconds, and three trials with 30 seconds of rest between contractions were performed \[Tosato, SENIAM\]. Tragus Wall Distance Myofascial Release Tragus wall distance measurement was used to evaluate spinal mobility. Hamstring Flexibility Static stretching The Maximal Hip Flexion Active Knee Extension (MHFAKE) Test, which is an adapted active knee extension test, was performed to evaluate the hamstring flexibility of the participant. Maximum Active Mouth Opening (MMO) Myofascial Release A tape measure was used to determine the maximum active mouth opening (MMO). Hamstring Flexibility Myofascial Release The Maximal Hip Flexion Active Knee Extension (MHFAKE) Test, which is an adapted active knee extension test, was performed to evaluate the hamstring flexibility of the participant. Tragus Wall Distance Static stretching Tragus wall distance measurement was used to evaluate spinal mobility. Myofascial Release Myofascial Release For hamstring muscles, the participants were asked to assume a long sitting position on a firm, flat surface with their arms behind their backs and their body weight on their palms. Static stretching Static stretching The participant was positioned supine for static stretching to be applied to the hamstring muscles
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Pressure pain threshold 4 weeks The pressure pain threshold was measured using a mechanical pressure algometer (model Baseline® Dolorimeters - Fabrication Enterprises Inc) with a contact head of 1 cm2 area.The participant was positioned lying supine while the pressure pain threshold of the masseter muscle's central trigger point was assessed on both sides. Pressure was applied perpendicular to the masseter, gradually and continuously at a rate of about 1 kg/cm/s. The participants were requested to let the examiner know as soon as pain started to be felt. With a 2-min rest period between each experiment, three pressure pain threshold measures were taken. The average value of the three trials was calculated and used in the analysis.
Maximum Active Mouth Opening 4 weeks A tape measure was used to determine the maximum active mouth opening (MMO). The participants were measured while laying flat on their back with the head resting on a table, the cervical spine in a neutral position, the knees slightly bent, and the upper limbs lying parallel to the torso. The subjects were instructed to open the mouth as wide as possible without inflicting discomfort. The distance between the upper and lower central incisors was measured and recorded in millimetres. For the primary analysis, the mean value of three trials was calculated.
superficial masseter muscles EMG activity 4 weeks For each subject, EMG activity was recorded from the left and right superficial masseter muscles using a multichannel EMG device.
Tragus Wall Distance 4 weeks Tragus wall distance measurement was used to evaluate spinal mobility. The participants were instructed to stand with their feet shoulder-width apart, and heels, hips, and shoulders against the wall. Then, before each measurement, the participants were asked to "stand with good posture, look straight ahead, and hold this position until the measurement is taken". The participants were then told to take a self-selected position for the head and neck that reflected their perception of "good posture". The distance between the tragus and the wall was measured and the participant was repositioned away from the wall before each measurement
Hamstring Flexibility 4 weeks The Maximal Hip Flexion Active Knee Extension (MHFAKE) Test, which is an adapted active knee extension test, was performed to evaluate the hamstring flexibility of the participant. The subject was instructed to keep the hip in maximal flexion by clutching the thigh to the chest, with the hands holding the opposite elbows, and then to actively extend the knee until reaching the point of maximal tolerable stretch of the hamstring muscle or the point where pain was reported. The contralateral leg was fixed by the clinician. The angle of inclination of the mid-shin was measured at the endpoint of maximal stretch with the handheld inclinometer.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
Caglar Soylu
🇹🇷Ankara, Keçiören, Turkey
Caglar Soylu🇹🇷Ankara, Keçiören, Turkey