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Rehabilitation Following Displaced Proximal Humerus Fractures

Not Applicable
Completed
Conditions
Shoulder Fractures
Interventions
Other: Pain management and shoulder bandage
Other: One-time physiotherapy instruction
Other: Usual rehabilitation care
Registration Number
NCT05302089
Lead Sponsor
Zealand University Hospital
Brief Summary

Proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) are the third most common non-vertebral fractures in the elderly. Most elderly experience loss of function following a PHF regardless of treatment. A Cochrane review from 2015 concluded that surgical management is not superior to non-surgical management, and that the optimal non-surgical management after PHF is not known. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of usual rehabilitation care after displaced PHF compared with one-time physiotherapy instruction.

Detailed Description

Proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) are the closely related to osteoporosis. The lifetime risk of suffering a PHF in females aged 50 or above is 13%. About half of the fractures are minimally displaced and usually managed by short immobilization, analgetics, and early mobilization. The remaining half of the patients suffer from displaced fractures, traditionally managed surgically by open reduction and internal fixation or shoulder replacement. Within the last decades, an increasing number of high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses have failed to document the superiority of surgical management in displaced PHFs. Therefore, an increasing number of patients are being offered nonsurgical treatment consisting of immobilization followed by rehabilitation that may vary across countries and regions. Most elderly experience loss of function following a PHF regardless of treatment. However, optimal management and recovery of function are paramount to prevent a substantial impact on the patient's independent living and morbidity. A systematic review and metaanalysis from 2021 concluded a need for high-quality RCTs to substantiate the current evidence regarding the need for supervision after a PHF.

It is assumed that rehabilitation delivered as structured training benefits patients with PHFs, but this is not known from current evidence. It is possible that patients are even harmed with intensive training programmes. Most RCTs with a non-surgically treated group use the same exercise intervention in the two groups to best identify the difference between surgery and non-surgical treatment. Therefore, the effect of training cannot be concluded from these studies. This is supported by an expectation of more nonsurgically treated displaced PHFs due to the growing evidence of no benefit from surgery. The current study is a prerequisite for future rehabilitation studies comparing different training modalities. Therefore, this study aims is to evaluate the effectiveness of usual rehabilitation care after displaced PHF compared with one-time physiotherapy instruction.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
COMPLETED
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
60
Inclusion Criteria

• Patients aged 60 years or above with displaced PHFs (Neer's definition) including 2-, 3-, or 4-part fractures after a low energy trauma will be recruited.

Prior to first visit in the outpatient clinic all patients with PHFs will be screened for eligibility based on initial radiographs and medical records by an experienced orthopaedic consultant (senior author SB) at Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark. The senior author classifies fracture categories.

• Patients should be cognitively capable of answering patient-reported outcome measures.

Exclusion Criteria
  • Dependent on daily personal care for basic activities of daily living
  • Diagnosed with dementia or institutionalized
  • Does not understand written and spoken guidance in Danish
  • Pathological fracture or previous fracture in the same proximal humerus
  • Concomitant injury or fracture.
  • Polytrauma, high-energy trauma, or multiple fractures
  • Fracture dislocation or articular surface fracture
  • Isolated tuberosity fracture
  • Fractures not expected to heal by non-surgical treatment (no bony contact between head and shaft in both views)
  • The senior author considers the patient unsuitable to attend the study for medical reasons (substance abuse, affective or psychotic disorders, apoplexy, chronic pain, malignant disease)
  • Symptomatic glenohumeral osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or rotator cuff-arthropathy

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
PARALLEL
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
One-time physiotherapy instructionOne-time physiotherapy instructionOne-time physiotherapy instruction and no usual rehabilitation care
Usual rehabilitation carePain management and shoulder bandageOne-time physiotherapy instruction and usual rehabilitation care
One-time physiotherapy instructionPain management and shoulder bandageOne-time physiotherapy instruction and no usual rehabilitation care
Usual rehabilitation careOne-time physiotherapy instructionOne-time physiotherapy instruction and usual rehabilitation care
Usual rehabilitation careUsual rehabilitation careOne-time physiotherapy instruction and usual rehabilitation care
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS)6 months

Patient administered shoulder specific score, score ranges between between 0 and 48, with a higher score implying a greater degree of disability.

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS)12 months

Patient administered shoulder specific score, score ranges between between 0 and 48, with a higher score implying a greater degree of disability.

European Quality of life-5 Dimensions-Three-Level (EQ-5D-3L)12 months

Health-related quality of life, index score: \< 0 to 1 (full health), with anchoring of death as 0.

Conversion to surgery6 months

Number of patients converting to surgery

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Department of Orthopaedics, Zealand University Hospital

🇩🇰

Køge, Denmark

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