SGLT2 Inhibitors in Adult Primary Nephrotic Syndrome
- Conditions
- Nephrotic Syndrome
- Interventions
- Registration Number
- NCT07214818
- Lead Sponsor
- Mansoura University
- Brief Summary
This randomized controlled clinical trial aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (dapagliflozin and empagliflozin) in adult patients with primary nephrotic syndrome. The study will compare three groups: dapagliflozin plus standard therapy, empagliflozin plus standard therapy, and standard therapy alone.
The primary objective is to assess whether SGLT2 inhibitors reduce proteinuria, maintain remission, and prevent relapse. Secondary objectives include evaluating effects on kidney function (eGFR, serum creatinine) and monitoring safety outcomes.
Participants will continue their baseline standard care and will be followed for 6 months with regular clinical evaluations, laboratory tests, and adverse event monitoring.
- Detailed Description
This randomized, controlled, open-label, single-center clinical trial is designed to investigate the efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, specifically dapagliflozin and empagliflozin, in adult patients with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS).
Primary nephrotic syndrome is characterized by significant proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and related complications. While traditional therapies such as corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents remain the cornerstone of treatment, their limited efficacy and adverse effects highlight the need for novel therapeutic options. Evidence from large clinical trials has shown that SGLT2 inhibitors improve renal outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes; however, their role in primary nephrotic syndrome patients has not been fully established.
In this trial, eligible participants will be adults (≥18 years) with biopsy-confirmed primary nephrotic syndrome and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥25 mL/min/1.73m². Patients with secondary causes of nephrotic syndrome (e.g., diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephritis, amyloidosis), significant liver impairment, or contraindications to SGLT2 inhibitors will be excluded.
Participants will be randomized into three groups:
Group A: Dapagliflozin 10 mg once daily plus standard therapy. Group B: Empagliflozin 10 mg once daily plus standard therapy. Group C: Standard therapy alone (control).
All groups will continue to receive stable doses of background immunosuppressive therapy and renoprotective agents as part of standard of care.
The study duration will be 6 months. Baseline demographics, clinical data, and laboratory parameters will be collected. Follow-up assessments will include proteinuria (urine protein-to-creatinine ratio), serum albumin, serum creatinine, eGFR, uric acid, total cholestrol, liver enzyme(AST,ALT), TNF-α, complete blood count and serum sugar level. Clinical outcomes such as remission, relapse, and adverse events will be recorded.
The primary outcomes are changes in proteinuria, TNF-α levels, and rates of remission and relapse. Secondary outcomes include changes in kidney function (serum creatinine, eGFR), safety profile, and treatment compliance.
This study is expected to provide novel insights into the therapeutic role of SGLT2 inhibitors in primary nephrotic syndrome and may guide future clinical practice in the management of this condition.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- NOT_YET_RECRUITING
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 75
Adult patients (≥18 years). Biopsy-confirmed primary nephrotic syndrome (e.g., idiopathic membranous nephropathy, minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis).
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥25 mL/min/1.73m² using CKD-EPI formula.
On stable dose of immunosuppressive therapy and renoprotective agents for ≥4 weeks prior to randomization.
Able to signed informed consent.
Diagnosis of secondary nephrotic syndrome as : diabetes mellitus, lupus nephritis, and amyloidosis.
- Impaired liver functions (ALT or AST values exceeding 3 folds upper limit of normal (ULN) at the screening visit).
- Glomerular hematuria (red blood cells more than ten cells per high power field (HPF) after routine urinalysis for more than three times in the last 2 weeks).
- History of severe hypersensitivity or contraindications to dapagliflozin or empagliflozine.
- Pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Dapagliflozin + Standard of Care Dapagliflozin - Dapagliflozin + Standard of Care Standard Therapy - Empagliflozin + Standard of Care Empagliflozin - Empagliflozin + Standard of Care Standard Therapy - Standard of Care Only Standard Therapy Standard treatment protocol(institutional standared) for 6 months without any additional SGLT2 inhibitor.
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method 1. Change in Proteinuria (uPCR) Baseline to 6 months Change from baseline in urine protein/creatinine ratio
Change in TNF-α Levels Baseline to 6 months Change in serum TNF-α measured by ELISA as an exploratory biomarker.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Change in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) Baseline to 6 months Mean change in eGFR calculated by CKD-EPI formula.
Incidence of Adverse Events Throughout the 6-month study perio Frequency and severity of adverse effects including infection, gastrointestinal upset, oral candidiasis, and other safety concerns.
Treatment Compliance Up to 6 months Proportion of participants with documented adherence to study medication and standard therapy.
Remission Rate Up to 6 months Proportion of patients achieving remission
Relapse Rate Up to 6 months Proportion of patients experiencing relapse
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
Urology & Nephrology Center, Mansoura University
🇪🇬Al Mansurah, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt
Urology & Nephrology Center, Mansoura University🇪🇬Al Mansurah, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt