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High Flow Nasal Cannula Rates in Pediatric Asthma

Not Applicable
Conditions
Pediatric Asthma
Interventions
Device: "Low Flow" High Flow Nasal Cannula
Device: "High Flow" High Flow Nasal Cannula
Registration Number
NCT06379607
Lead Sponsor
University of Rochester
Brief Summary

This is a randomized, open-label, 3-armed feasibility trial will examine conventional oxygen therapy (COT) vs high flow nasal cannula at 4L/min flow vs HFNC at 2L/kg/min flow (max 60L/min) in moderate to severe pediatric asthma exacerbations.

Detailed Description

The purpose of this feasibility trial is to examine the safety and efficacy of high flow nasal cannula in moderate to severe pediatric asthma exacerbations. Eligible patients will be admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) after initial presentation to the emergency department (ED) or as a transfer from an outside hospital ED. Patients will be admitted to the PICU on standard asthma therapy (continuous albuterol and systemic corticosteroids) based on the discretion of the treating ED physician. Upon PICU admission, eligible patients will be consented, enrolled, and randomized into the study. All patients will be continued on standard asthma therapy of continuous albuterol at 20mg/hr and systemic intravenous corticosteroids. Patient will be randomized into one of three groups: (1) conventional oxygen therapy at 2L/min via standard facemark (control group), (2) high flow nasal cannula at 4L/min, and (3) high flow nasal cannula at 2L/kg/min (max 60L/min). Pediatric Respiratory Assessment Measure (PRAM) scores and vital signs will be taken at baseline and hourly for two hours. After the two-hour long study is completed, patients will be placed on a respiratory support modality as per the treating physician's discretion. Patients will be followed longitudinally after study completion.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
27
Inclusion Criteria
  • Age 2-17 years old with prior clinical diagnosis of asthma
  • Admitted to PICU on standard asthma therapy defined as continuous albuterol and systemic corticosteroids
  • Admitted to PICU on either COT or HFNC
  • Admitted to PICU from either Golisano Children's Hospital ED or as a transport from an outside hospital ED within 6 hours of initial presentation
  • PRAM score greater than or equal to 4 after completion of initial ED therapy
Exclusion Criteria
  • Admitted to the PICU on NIV or invasive mechanical ventilation
  • Admitted to the PICU from general floors or > 6 hours from initial presentation
  • Presence of a tracheostomy or baseline NIV requirement
  • Pregnancy
  • Immunocompromised State

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
PARALLEL
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
"Low Flow" High Flow Nasal Cannula at 4L/min"Low Flow" High Flow Nasal CannulaA Fisher Paykl humidifier will be used for high flow humidification along with a flow meter and oxygen blender. A vibrating mesh nebulizer will be connected between the flow meter and the humidifier as per routine practice. Oxygen flow will be set to 4L/min and patient will be fitted with appropriately sized nasal prongs.
"High Flow" High Flow Nasal Cannula at 2L/kg/min (max 60L/min)"High Flow" High Flow Nasal CannulaA Fisher Paykl humidifier will be used for high flow humidification along with a flow meter and oxygen blender. A vibrating mesh nebulizer will be connected between the flow meter and the humidifier as per routine practice. Oxygen flow will be set to 2L/kg/min (max 60L/min) and patient will be fitted with appropriately sized nasal prongs.
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Percent of participants enrolled12 months

Percent of participants randomized divided by the percent of participants approached.

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Mean Total Duration of Respiratory SupportUntil hospital discharge, approximately 5 days

Children will be followed longitudinally until hospital discharge and the total duration of hours patients spent on any respiratory support modality including COT, HFNC, noninvasive ventilation (NIV), invasive ventilation (IMV), or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) will be recorded.

Mean Change in Respiratory RateBaseline to 2 hours

The mean change in respiratory rate during the two our study period across all 3 study groups will be compared.

Mean PICU Length of Stay (LOS)Until hospital discharge, approximately 3 days

Investigators will follow children longitudinally to record the amount of time children were admitted to the PICU for.

Percentage of Participants placed on Adjunct Asthma TherapiesUntil hospital discharge, approximately 5 days

Investigators will describe how many children in each group were placed on adjunct asthma therapies including magnesium, heliox, leukotriene receptor antagonists, intravenous beta agonist therapies, and methylxantines either before, during, or after study period.

Percentage of Participants who needed SedationUntil hospital discharge, approximately 5 days

Investigators will record how many children in each group required sedation and/or anxiolytics while on their respiratory support modality either during the trial or afterwards.

Mean Hospital Length of Stay (LOS)Until hospital discharge, approximately 7 days

Investigators will follow children longitudinally to record the amount of time children were admitted to the hospital for.

Mean Change in Pediatric Respiratory Assessment Measure (PRAM) ScoreBaseline to 2 hours

The Pediatric Respiratory Assessment Measure (PRAM) Score is a validated tool to measure asthma severity in pediatric patients. It is a scale that ranges from 0-12 with scores 4-7 indicating moderate asthma exacerbation and scores of 8-12 indicating severe exacerbation. The score has also been shown to be responsive to asthma therapies, with a decrease in score being indicative of improvement. PRAM scores will be measured at the start of the trial, at hour 1 and at the completion of the trial at hour 2. Mean changes in PRAM score will be compared across all three groups.

Mean Total Duration of Continuous AlbuterolApproximately 3 days

Children will be followed longitudinally until hospital discharge and record the total duration of hours patients spent on continuous albuterol.

Percentage of Children with Escalation of Respiratory Support1 day

The percentage of children requiring an increase in respiratory support (defined as escalation of support to HFNC of any flow rate, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), bilevel positive airway pressure (BPAP), invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)) either during the 2-hour trial period, immediately upon completion, or within the first 24 hours of study enrollment time will be recorded.

Percentage of Participants on AntibioticsUntil hospital discharge, approximately 5 days

Investigators will record how many children completed full 5-7 day courses of antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia concurrent with their asthma exacerbation.

Trial Locations

Locations (2)

University of Rochester Golisano Children's Hospital

🇺🇸

Rochester, New York, United States

University of Rochester Medical Center

🇺🇸

Rochester, New York, United States

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