A prospective observational study to compare the intraoperative complications among smokers and non-smokers, in patients undergoing general anaesthesia

Cigarette smoking is the most common form of tobacco use. The risks associated with cigarette smoking are a major concern for surgical patients undergoing general anesthesia. Tobacco smoking is a significant risk factor for cardiopulmonary complications both intraoperatively and postoperatively. Smokers may face higher risks due to lung and heart issues caused by smoking. By comparing smokers and non-smokers, we can identify specific complications that smokers are more likely to experience. The purpose of this study is to document the incidence of intraoperative complications during general anesthesia among self-reported smokers and compare them with those of non-smokers. A total of 130 patients, aged 18 to 70 years, undergoing elective surgeries will be enrolled, with 65 patients in each group. Patients classified as ASA-IV, undergoing emergency surgeries, pregnant individuals, infants, those with a BMI > 30, and those with pre-existing respiratory illnesses will be excluded. Intraoperative events such as oxygen desaturation, excessive secretions, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, and prolonged coughing during extubation will be recorded. This information will help medical professionals improve preoperative assessments and tailor anesthesia plans to reduce risks. Ultimately, this research aims to enhance patient outcomes, improve surgical safety, and develop targeted interventions for smokers, contributing to better overall healthcare quality. Understanding these differences is crucial for optimizing patient safety and care during surgeries.