Beverage Hydration Index: Assessment of Four Rehydration Solutions

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Hydration
• Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Multiplier; Dietary Supplement: Sugar Free; Dietary Supplement: Sugar Free with Amino Acids; Dietary Supplement: Water

• Registration Number: NCT06272435
• Lead Sponsor: University of Memphis

Brief Summary

No studies to date to evaluate the effects of the three different liquid IV electrolyte products on the beverage hydration index (BHI). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the impact of three different LIV products (Hydration multiplier, Sugar Free formulation with Amino Acids, and Sugar Free with allulose) on hydration status in young and active men and women compared to a control (water). The study will follow the same approach as used by Maughan and colleagues (2016) to measure the fluid balance (the difference between the amount of water consumed and passed as urine) and BHI (the relative amount of urine passed after consumption of a drink compared to water) including time in positive fluid balance, as well as determining electrolyte concentrations, osmolality, specific gravity, and sodium and potassium in urine.

Detailed Description

Many attempts have been made to improve and measure the hydration status of active individuals. This typically involves the ingestion of fluids leading up to activity (typically plain water), as well as the ingestion of fluids during the activity itself (water, along with a diluted carbohydrate/electrolyte beverage). This approach seems to work well; however, some debate remains over what the best fluid is to consume, in particular related to the macronutrient type and the specific electrolyte mix.

No studies to date to evaluate the effects of the three different liquid IV electrolyte products on the beverage hydration index (BHI). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the impact of three different LIV products (Hydration multiplier, Sugar Free formulation with Amino Acids, and Sugar Free with allulose) on hydration status in young and active men and women compared to a control (water). The study will follow the same approach as used by Maughan and colleagues (2016) to measure the fluid balance (the difference between the amount of water consumed and passed as urine) and BHI (the relative amount of urine passed after consumption of a drink compared to water) including time in positive fluid balance, as well as determining electrolyte concentrations, osmolality, specific gravity, and sodium and potassium in urine.

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2023-12-23
• Study First Submitted: 2024-02-01
• Study First Submitted QC: 2024-02-14
• Study First Posted: 2024-02-22
• Primary Completion: 2024-09-06
• Study Completion: 2024-09-06
• Status Verified: 2024-12
• Last Update Submitted: 2024-12-10
• Last Update Posted: 2024-12-16

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 28

Inclusion Criteria

• body mass index (BMI) <35 kilgrams per square meter
• consistent dietary intake and exercise throughout study period
• consumes 2 liters (women) or 2.5 liters (men) of water per day prior to study visits
• able to fast for 15 hours

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Exclusion Criteria

• sensitivity or be allergic to any components of the study product they will be excluded.
• tobacco user
• specialized diet (low carbohydrate/ketogenic diet, carnivore diet, intermittent fasting, etc.)
• caffeine consumption within 12 hours of study visit
• strenuous activity within 24 hours of study visit
• history or presence of a clinically relevant (that required or requires treatment) cardiac, renal, hepatic, endocrine (including diabetes mellitus), pulmonary, biliary, gastrointestinal, pancreatic, or neurologic disorder
• conditions that alter fluid balance or electrolytes/hydration status
• consuming any medication which may alter fluid retention/electrolyte levels such as sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor (for type 2 diabetes), laxatives, diuretics, Apremilast, chemotherapy, or lithium.
• consuming nutritional supplements, performance enhancing drugs, and/or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs within 7 days of study visits excluding screening).
• employee of Liquid IV
• be enrolled in another clinical study within 30 days of the first study visit
• active infection or illness of any kind

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Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: CROSSOVER

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Water, Multiplier, Sugar Free, and Sugar with Amino Acids	Sugar Free with Amino Acids	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Water, Sugar with Amino Acids, Multiplier, and Sugar Free	Sugar Free	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Water, Sugar with Amino Acids, Sugar Free, and Multiplier	Sugar Free with Amino Acids	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Multiplier, Sugar Free, Water, and Sugar with Amino Acids	Sugar Free with Amino Acids	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Water, Sugar Free, Multiplier, and Sugar with Amino Acids	Sugar Free	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Water, Multiplier, Sugar with Amino Acids, and Sugar Free	Multiplier	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Water, Sugar with Amino Acids, Sugar Free, and Multiplier	Water	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Multiplier, Water, Sugar Free, and Sugar with Amino Acids	Multiplier	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Multiplier, Water, Sugar Free, and Sugar with Amino Acids	Water	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Water, Sugar with Amino Acids, Multiplier, and Sugar Free	Water	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Water, Multiplier, Sugar with Amino Acids, and Sugar Free	Sugar Free	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Water, Multiplier, Sugar with Amino Acids, and Sugar Free	Sugar Free with Amino Acids	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Water, Multiplier, Sugar with Amino Acids, and Sugar Free	Water	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Water, Multiplier, Sugar Free, and Sugar with Amino Acids	Multiplier	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Water, Sugar with Amino Acids, Sugar Free, and Multiplier	Sugar Free	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Water, Sugar with Amino Acids, Multiplier, and Sugar Free	Multiplier	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Water, Sugar with Amino Acids, Sugar Free, and Multiplier	Multiplier	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Water, Sugar Free, Multiplier, and Sugar with Amino Acids	Sugar Free with Amino Acids	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Water, Sugar Free, Multiplier, and Sugar with Amino Acids	Water	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Water, Multiplier, Sugar Free, and Sugar with Amino Acids	Sugar Free	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Water, Multiplier, Sugar Free, and Sugar with Amino Acids	Water	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Water, Sugar with Amino Acids, Multiplier, and Sugar Free	Sugar Free with Amino Acids	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Water, Sugar Free, Multiplier, and Sugar with Amino Acids	Multiplier	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Water, Sugar Free, Sugar with Amino Acids, and Multiplier	Multiplier	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Multiplier, Water, Sugar with Amino Acids, and Sugar Free	Sugar Free	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Multiplier, Water, Sugar with Amino Acids, and Sugar Free	Sugar Free with Amino Acids	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Multiplier, Water, Sugar with Amino Acids, and Sugar Free	Water	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Multiplier, Sugar Free, Water, and Sugar with Amino Acids	Multiplier	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Multiplier, Sugar Free, Sugar with Amino Acids, and Water	Multiplier	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Water, Sugar Free, Sugar with Amino Acids, and Multiplier	Sugar Free with Amino Acids	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Water, Sugar Free, Sugar with Amino Acids, and Multiplier	Water	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Multiplier, Water, Sugar with Amino Acids, and Sugar Free	Multiplier	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Multiplier, Water, Sugar Free, and Sugar with Amino Acids	Sugar Free	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Multiplier, Water, Sugar Free, and Sugar with Amino Acids	Sugar Free with Amino Acids	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Multiplier, Sugar with Amino Acids, Water, and Sugar Free	Sugar Free with Amino Acids	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Multiplier, Sugar with Amino Acids, Water, and Sugar Free	Water	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Multiplier, Sugar with Amino Acids, Sugar Free, and Water	Sugar Free	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Multiplier, Sugar Free, Water, and Sugar with Amino Acids	Water	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar with Amino Acids, Sugar Free, Multiplier, and Water	Multiplier	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Water, Sugar Free, Sugar with Amino Acids, and Multiplier	Sugar Free	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Multiplier, Sugar with Amino Acids, Water, and Sugar Free	Multiplier	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Multiplier, Sugar with Amino Acids, Water, and Sugar Free	Sugar Free	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Multiplier, Sugar with Amino Acids, Sugar Free, and Water	Sugar Free with Amino Acids	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Multiplier, Sugar with Amino Acids, Sugar Free, and Water	Water	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Multiplier, Sugar Free, Water, and Sugar with Amino Acids	Sugar Free	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Multiplier, Sugar Free, Sugar with Amino Acids, and Water	Water	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar with Amino Acids, Multiplier, Sugar Free, and Water	Sugar Free with Amino Acids	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar with Amino Acids, Multiplier, Sugar Free, and Water	Water	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar with Amino Acids, Water, Multiplier, and Sugar Free	Sugar Free	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar with Amino Acids, Water, Multiplier, and Sugar Free	Water	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar with Amino Acids, Water, Sugar Free, and Multiplier	Sugar Free	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar with Amino Acids, Water, Sugar Free, and Multiplier	Sugar Free with Amino Acids	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar with Amino Acids, Water, Sugar Free, and Multiplier	Water	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar with Amino Acids, Multiplier, Water, and Sugar Free	Sugar Free	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Multiplier, Sugar with Amino Acids, Sugar Free, and Water	Multiplier	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar with Amino Acids, Multiplier, Water, and Sugar Free	Multiplier	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar with Amino Acids, Multiplier, Water, and Sugar Free	Sugar Free with Amino Acids	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar with Amino Acids, Sugar Free, Water, and Multiplier	Sugar Free with Amino Acids	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar Free, Water, Multiplier, and Sugar with Amino Acids	Multiplier	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar Free, Water, Multiplier, and Sugar with Amino Acids	Water	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar Free, Water, Sugar with Amino Acids, and Multiplier	Sugar Free	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar Free, Water, Sugar with Amino Acids, and Multiplier	Sugar Free with Amino Acids	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Multiplier, Sugar Free, Sugar with Amino Acids, and Water	Sugar Free	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Multiplier, Sugar Free, Sugar with Amino Acids, and Water	Sugar Free with Amino Acids	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar with Amino Acids, Water, Multiplier, and Sugar Free	Multiplier	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar with Amino Acids, Water, Multiplier, and Sugar Free	Sugar Free with Amino Acids	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar with Amino Acids, Water, Sugar Free, and Multiplier	Multiplier	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar with Amino Acids, Multiplier, Water, and Sugar Free	Water	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar with Amino Acids, Multiplier, Sugar Free, and Water	Sugar Free	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar with Amino Acids, Sugar Free, Water, and Multiplier	Sugar Free	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar with Amino Acids, Multiplier, Sugar Free, and Water	Multiplier	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar with Amino Acids, Sugar Free, Water, and Multiplier	Multiplier	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar with Amino Acids, Sugar Free, Water, and Multiplier	Water	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar with Amino Acids, Sugar Free, Multiplier, and Water	Sugar Free with Amino Acids	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar Free, Water, Multiplier, and Sugar with Amino Acids	Sugar Free with Amino Acids	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar Free, Water, Sugar with Amino Acids, and Multiplier	Multiplier	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar Free, Sugar with Amino Acids, Water, and Multiplier	Multiplier	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar Free, Sugar with Amino Acids, Water, and Multiplier	Sugar Free	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar with Amino Acids, Sugar Free, Multiplier, and Water	Sugar Free	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar with Amino Acids, Sugar Free, Multiplier, and Water	Water	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar Free, Multiplier, Water, and Sugar with Amino Acids	Water	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar Free, Multiplier, Sugar with Amino Acids, and Water	Multiplier	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar Free, Sugar with Amino Acids, Multiplier, and Water	Sugar Free	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar Free, Water, Multiplier, and Sugar with Amino Acids	Sugar Free	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar Free, Multiplier, Water, and Sugar with Amino Acids	Sugar Free with Amino Acids	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar Free, Multiplier, Sugar with Amino Acids, and Water	Water	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar Free, Sugar with Amino Acids, Multiplier, and Water	Sugar Free with Amino Acids	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar Free, Sugar with Amino Acids, Multiplier, and Water	Water	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar Free, Water, Sugar with Amino Acids, and Multiplier	Water	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar Free, Multiplier, Water, and Sugar with Amino Acids	Multiplier	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar Free, Multiplier, Water, and Sugar with Amino Acids	Sugar Free	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar Free, Multiplier, Sugar with Amino Acids, and Water	Sugar Free with Amino Acids	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar Free, Sugar with Amino Acids, Water, and Multiplier	Sugar Free with Amino Acids	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar Free, Sugar with Amino Acids, Water, and Multiplier	Water	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar Free, Multiplier, Sugar with Amino Acids, and Water	Sugar Free	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.
Sugar Free, Sugar with Amino Acids, Multiplier, and Water	Multiplier	Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will then consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order above) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Beverage Hydration Index	240 minutes after beverage consumption	Beverage Hydration index calculated as mass of urine collected following control (water) consumption divided by the mass of urine collected following treatment.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Sodium balance	240 minutes after beverage consumption	Sodium Balance will be calculated subtracting total sodium in urine from total sodium consumed in beverage.
Body Mass	240 minutes after beverage consumption	Body Mass in kilograms will be measured using a digital scale
Urine Specific Gravity	240 minutes after beverage consumption urine	Urine Specific Gravity will be measured via refractometry.
Net Fluid Balance	240 minutes after beverage consumption	Net Fluid balance will be calculated subtracting total urine collected from total liquid consumed
Mood and Digestive Questionnaire	240 minutes after beverage consumption	Subjects will be asked to self-assess their mood and digestive state via a visual analog scale questionnaire with scale 0 (None) to 10 (Extreme)
Urine Potassium	240 minutes after beverage consumption	Urine Potassium will be measured in millimoles per liter.
Urine Sodium	240 minutes after beverage consumption	Urine Sodium will be measured in millimoles per liter.
Potassium balance	240 minutes after beverage consumption	Potassium Balance will be calculated subtracting total potassium in urine from total potassium consumed in beverage.
Urine Osmolality	240 minutes after beverage consumption	Urine Osmolality will be measured in milliosmoles per kilogram of water.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Center for Nutraceutical and Dietary Supplement Research; 🇺🇸 Memphis, Tennessee, United States