Molecular Breast Imaging as a Screening Tool for Women With Dense Breasts

Not Applicable

Completed

Interventions: Device: Molecular Breast Imaging
Device: Conventional Mammography
Drug: Technetium (99mTc) sestamibi

Brief Summary: We aim to compare the sensitivity of mammography to the sensitivity of Molecular Breast Imaging (a new gamma-camera based breast imaging technology) in women with dense breast tissue who are at increased risk for breast cancer.

Detailed Description: The sensitivity of conventional mammography (MMO) is poor in women with mammographically dense breast parenchyma. We have developed Molecular Breast Imaging (MBI) - a new technique which utilizes a Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride (CZT) gamma camera for scintimammography that has a high sensitivity (\~90%) for the detection of breast cancers independent of breast density.

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the utility of MBI as an adjunct screening modality for the detection of occult breast cancers in women with mammographically dense breast tissue. Initial recruitment will be from the pool of patients awaiting a screening mammogram in the Department of Radiology at Mayo Clinic Rochester. All patients will have a screening MMO and an MBI study. Patients with positive studies (MBI or MMO) will undergo additional diagnostic studies. At 15 months post-recruitment, all patients will be contacted by phone or mail to determine whether subsequent to their study, there has been any change in their breast status.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Past prior screening mammography (SM) interpreted as negative or benign (This screening must have been performed at Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota).
Past prior SM interpreted as heterogeneously dense or extremely dense (This screening must have been performed at Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota).
Women younger than 50 years who had not undergone prior mammography, as most of these women have dense breasts.
Subjects had to have at least one of the following risk factors:
1. Known mutation in breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) or breast cancer susceptibility gene 2 (BRCA2)
2. History of chest, mediastinal, or axillary irradiation
3. Personal history of breast cancer
4. History of prior biopsy showing atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, lobular carcinoma in situ, or atypical papilloma
5. Gail or Claus model lifetime risk greater than or equal to 20%
6. Gail model 5 year risk greater or equal to 2.5%
7. Gail model 5 year risk greater or equal to 1.6%
8. One first-degree relative with history of breast cancer
9. Two second-degree relatives with history of breast cancer

Exclusion Criteria

They are unable to understand and sign the consent form
They are pregnant or lactating
They are physically unable to sit upright and still for 40 minutes.
They have self-reported signs or symptoms of breast cancer (palpable mass, bloody nipple discharge, axillary mass etc.).
They have had needle biopsy within 3 months, or breast surgery within 1 year prior to the study.
They are currently taking tamoxifen, evista (raloxifene), or an aromatase inhibitor for adjuvant therapy or chemoprevention.

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Mammography and Molecular Breast Imaging	Conventional Mammography	Participants underwent conventional mammography and molecular breast imaging after a 740-millibecquerel (mBQ) (20-mCi) Technetium (99mTc) sestamibi injection.
Mammography and Molecular Breast Imaging	Molecular Breast Imaging	Participants underwent conventional mammography and molecular breast imaging after a 740-millibecquerel (mBQ) (20-mCi) Technetium (99mTc) sestamibi injection.
Mammography and Molecular Breast Imaging	Technetium (99mTc) sestamibi	Participants underwent conventional mammography and molecular breast imaging after a 740-millibecquerel (mBQ) (20-mCi) Technetium (99mTc) sestamibi injection.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Diagnostic Yield	12 months after mammography and gamma imaging	Diagnostic yield is the likelihood that a test or procedure will provide the information needed to establish a diagnosis. In this case, it is the proportion of women with positive results of a screening test and positive results with the reference standard (verified cancer status).
Number of Participants With Cancer Diagnosis at 12 Months	12 months after mammography and gamma imaging

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Sensitivity	12 months after mammography and gamma imaging	Sensitivity measures the proportion of actual positives which are correctly identified as such.
Specificity	12 month after mammography and gamma imaging	Specificity measures the proportion of negatives which are correctly identified as such.
Recall Rate	12 months after mammography and gamma imaging	Recall rate was defined as the percentage of participants recalled for follow-up studies initiated because of abnormal findings with mammography or gamma imaging.