The Impact of smartphone use duration and hand posture on the prevalence of hand pain vision problems and sleep disturbance among college students

From this study, we can learn about the vision problems students face from prolonged smartphone usage. Many college students are unaware of the side effects of using smartphones at bedtime; they incorrectly imagine that these media might help them sleep, and their phone use becomes part of their sleep routine [28]. This study will help understand the combined effect of hand pain, vision problems, and sleep disturbances due to prolonged smartphone usage, duration, and posture.