Investigating the Effects of Combined Balance Exercise and Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Weight-shifting Control and Ambulation in Patients With Parkinson Disease and Anxiety: Under Time and Space Constraints

Postural balance and anxiety are the two critical factors for reducing independence and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Anxiety would deteriorate balance and gait dysfunction. Especially, relative to non-constraint condition, PD patients with anxiety had greater increases in anxiety level and balance/gait impairment in time-constraint or space-constraint condition than PD patients without anxiety. Presently, the appropriate managements for reducing anxiety in patients with PD had not been comprehensively investigated. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is one kind intervention of neuromodulation. Previous studies showed that VNS could reduce anxiety level for patients with anxiety syndrome. In addition, motor training with VNS could reinforce training benefits due to facilitation of brain plasticity. However, there is no study investigating the effect of VNS on anxiety in PD. Also, the effect of combined exercise training and VNS on balance and gait in PD has not been studied. With the use of behavior performance, skin conductance response, and electroencephalogram (EEG) measurement, the purpose of the 3-year research project is to investigate the effects of VNS on anxiety and balance/gait control in patients with PD. In the first year, we will investigate the immediate effect of VNS on anxiety and weight-shifting performance in conditions with time constraint and space constraint. In the second and third years, we will the investigate long-term effects of combined exercise training and VNS on anxiety level, weight-shifting and walking performance in time constraint condition and space constraint condition, respectively. The present project is expected to have significant contributions not only to gain a better insight to neural correlates of anxiety and balance control with VNS, but to optimize rehabilitation strategy for PD patients with anxiety.