The Acute Effects of Static and PNF Stretching Exercise With Blood Flow Restriction on Hamstring Flexibility, Muscle Strength and Single Leg Hop in Athletes : A Randomized Controlled Trial
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Completed
- Sponsor
- Dokuz Eylul University
- Enrollment
- 109
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- hamstring flexibility
Study Overview
Brief Summary
The study aims to examine the acute effects of static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching exercises with blood flow restriction on hamstring flexibility, muscle strength, and single leg hop in athletes. Outcome measures were hip range of motion, isometric and eccentric hamstring muscle strength, and single leg hop distance.
Detailed Description
A total of 109 athletes were included in the study. Participants were randomized into five groups: (1) static stretching, (2) proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching, (3) blood flow restriction (BFR) + static stretching, (4) BFR + PNF stretching, and (5) control groups. Stretching exercises were performed on the dominant leg hamstring muscle group for 3 sets of 15 seconds each. BFR was applied during the stretching to the blood flow restriction (BFR) + static stretching and BFR + PNF stretching groups. No stretching was applied to the control group.
Assessments were performed at baseline and immediately after stretching. Hamstring flexibility (hip joint range of motion) was assessed via the passive straight leg raise test. Isometric and eccentric hamstring muscle strength were measured using a hand-held dynamometer, and muscle power was assessed using the single leg hop distance.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Parallel
- Primary Purpose
- Prevention
- Masking
- Single (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 18 Years to 40 Years (Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •Age between 18-40 years old
- •Engaged in regular physical activity for at least 8 hours a week for the last 6 months
- •Body mass index (BMI) < than 30 kg/m²
- •Momentary blood pressure less than 135/85 mmHg
Exclusion Criteria
- •History of fractures or surgical operations involving the lower limbs, hips, or lumbar region
- •history of fractures, surgeries and other diagnosed medical conditions on the lower extremity, hip, and lumbar region
- •Systemic musculoskeletal disease
- •Pain in the lower back, hips, or lower extremities
- •Known hip deformity or diagnosis of scoliosis
- •History of deep vein thrombosis or embolism
- •Diagnosis of circulatory system diseases such as hypertension or peripheral vascular disease
- •History of anemia
- •Previous cerebrovascular disease or myocardial infarction.
Arms & Interventions
Static stretching
Static stretching exercises were performed on the dominant leg's hamstring muscle group for 3 sets of 15 seconds.
Intervention: Static stretching (Other)
PNF stretching
PNF stretching exercises were performed on the dominant leg's hamstring muscle group for 3 sets of 15 seconds.
Intervention: PNF stretching (Other)
Static stretching with BFR
Static stretching exercises were performed on the dominant leg's hamstring muscle group for 3 sets of 15 seconds with BFR application.
Intervention: Static stretching with BFR (Other)
PNF stretching with BFR
PNF stretching exercises were performed on the dominant leg's hamstring muscle group for 3 sets of 15 seconds with BFR application
Intervention: PNF stretching with BFR (Other)
Control
No stretching was applied to the control group. An information brochure about hamstring injuries was provided to the participants.
Intervention: Control (Other)
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
hamstring flexibility
Time Frame: immediately after intervention
Passive straight leg rise test for dominant leg
Secondary Outcomes
- Power(immediately after intervention)
- muscle strength(immediately after intervention)
Investigators
Ayşe Birsu Topcugil Kırık
Principal Investigator
Dokuz Eylul University