The Effect of D-allulose on the Glycemic Changes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus During Ramadan Fasting

D-allulose (a C-3 epimer of D-fructose) is one of the rare sugar types with zero calories, has 70 % sweetness as sucrose, and occur in a small quantities in nature. Extensive basic and clinical studies have reported beneficial outcomes to human health, includes improve hypoglycemia, reduced postprandial hyperglycemia, hypolipidemia, and antioxidant. D-allulose can be taken up to 0.5 g/kg daily will no side-effect on the human body. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has declared that D-allulose is Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) for use as a food ingredient and with other sweeteners. Previous clinical studies on D-allulose had shown an effective glucose suppressive effect after the meal, mostly in healthy individuals and pre-diabetics. There is still a scarcity of research on patients with diabetes. As a result, the current clinical study sought to investigate the effect of supplemental D-allulose on participants with type 2 diabetes who consume real-meal calories during Ramadan iftar (breaking fast at sunset). This was a non-randomized intervention study, which involved a single-arm group, and conducted during Muslim fasting month (Ramadan) between 13 April to 12 May 2021. The protocol required continuous 14 days of Ramadan and it was divided into two consecutive periods; began with first 7-day of control period and followed with a consecutive 7-day of D-allulose period. At the D-allulose period, 8.5g of D-allulose was consumed before the iftar meal. The FreeStyle Libre Pro Flash Glucose Monitory system (CFGM) was used to measure the glucose values.