The Influence of Sports and Hypoxic Training on the Regeneration and Adaptation of Skeletal Muscles to Exercise in Wrestlers.

Hypoxia exposure applied to professional athletes has attracted attention and scientific debate due to its effects on improving physiological response through cardiovascular and hematological mechanisms. Presently, hypoxic training programs are developed to improve exercise performance in athletes, a useful training method for athletes that may improve their performance in future sea-level competitions. 12 males were divided into the hypoxic (H) and control (C) groups. Group H was living and sleeping in hypoxic rooms (method live high-train low) for 8-14h/d (FiO2≈14%). The implementation of the project was intended to: 1) assess the dynamics of changes in the concentration of pro-inflammatory indicators and hematopoiesis in athletes to variable training loads and hypoxia, 2) explain the usefulness of hypoxic exposure in adaptation to physical exercise, 3) observe the length of the hypoxic cycle necessary to maintain the effect of high-altitude training. In the blood serum the level of basic biochemical indicators of fatigue related to muscle damage, inflammation, and energy deficit, i.e. total creatine kinase (CK) activity, C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentration, nitric oxide (NO). Moreover, basic hematological indicators: morphology, reticulocytes, lipid profile, and ferritin. Also, angiogenesis regulators: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptors (VEGFR2 and VEGFR3), erythropoietin (EPO), angiopoietin (Ang 1, Ang 2), endothelial cell adhesion factor-1 (VCAM-1), Erythropoietin (EPO) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). Body weight composition was determined using a body analyzer. Further investigations into hypoxia methods while considering individual capabilities are necessary for gaining deeper insights, into how hypoxia affects blood count and different blood variables among athletes.