Use of Behavioral Economics in Repeat SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Antibody Testing in Disadvantaged Communities

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: SARS-CoV-2
• Interventions: Behavioral: Personal Risk Messaging; Behavioral: Family Risk Messaging; Behavioral: Loss Protection; Behavioral: Lottery Incentive

• Registration Number: NCT04901624
• Lead Sponsor: University of Southern California

Brief Summary

Repeat testing for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in disadvantaged communities will help identify active and recovered infections over time, and as more is understood about antibody protection, it may help identify persons who have immunity. Many questions about social barriers and behavioral facilitators remain unanswered. This project aims to evaluate the effectiveness of risk-based messaging and incentives that promote repeated testing for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, as well as to understand social and behavioral determinants of COVID-19 testing and variations within sub-groups of this population.

Detailed Description

The rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has greatly impacted underserved populations. This project aims to understand social and behavioral determinants of COVID-19 testing and variations within sub-groups of this population. In partnership with the largest federally qualified health center in the United States, investigators will collect survey data and conduct a randomized experiment on 2,160 individuals (540 families) to evaluate the effectiveness of risk-based messaging and incentives that promote repeated testing for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. In a 2 x 2 (Messaging x Incentive) factorial experiment, participants complete a comprehensive set of social and behavioral surveys to identify determinants of commitment to testing. Participants are then randomized to receive customized messaging promoting repeated testing. Messaging will focus upon either (1a) household risk or (1b) personal risk of COVID-19. Participants are also randomly assigned to an incentive condition that either (2a) insures against losing baseline rewards for initial testing, or (2b) entry into a lottery with a small chance to win $150 if both tests are completed. Both the loss protection and lottery conditions carry the same incentive costs. Previous work in similar populations demonstrates that adherence to planned health behaviors is higher with insurance-based incentives than cash payments of equal value. This experiment compares insurance-based incentives to lottery incentives that have been shown to be effective in multiple contexts. Finally, the investigators evaluate if social and behavioral determinants of health result in heterogeneous treatment effects that can inform customization of incentive offerings in future programs devoted to increasing uptake of testing or vaccinations among underserved populations.

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2021-03-29
• Study First Submitted QC: 2021-05-21
• Study First Posted: 2021-05-25
• Study Start: 2021-06-29
• Primary Completion: 2023-06-03
• Study Completion: 2023-06-03
• Results First Submitted: 2024-06-03
• Status Verified: 2024-07
• Results First Submitted QC: 2024-07-22
• Last Update Submitted: 2024-07-22
• Results First Posted: 2024-08-14
• Last Update Posted: 2024-08-14

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 2164

Inclusion Criteria

• Adults and children 5 years of age and older

Exclusion Criteria

• Children under 5 years of age

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: FACTORIAL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Personal Risk + Lottery Incentive	Personal Risk Messaging	Personal Risk + Lottery Incentive
Personal Risk + Loss Protection	Loss Protection	Personal Risk + Loss Protection
Personal Risk + Loss Protection	Personal Risk Messaging	Personal Risk + Loss Protection
Personal Risk + Lottery Incentive	Lottery Incentive	Personal Risk + Lottery Incentive
Family Risk + Lottery Incentive	Family Risk Messaging	Family Risk + Lottery Incentive
Family Risk + Lottery Incentive	Lottery Incentive	Family Risk + Lottery Incentive
Family Risk + Loss Protection	Family Risk Messaging	Family Risk + Loss Protection
Family Risk + Loss Protection	Loss Protection	Family Risk + Loss Protection

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Attendance Rate at Time 2 SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Test	6 months	Effectiveness of risk-based messaging and incentives to encourage attendance at Time 2 testing for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Social and Behavioral Determinants of Antibody Testing	6 months	Characterize barriers to access, bias, risk attitude and incentive preferences assessed through survey responses

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

AltaMed Health; 🇺🇸 Los Angeles, California, United States