Effects of Learning and Food Form on Intake in Humans

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Obesity
• Interventions: Behavioral: Energy dilute solid food; Behavioral: Energy dilute beverages; Behavioral: energy dense solid food; Behavioral: Metabolic effects of consuming energy dense beverages

• Registration Number: NCT01490034
• Lead Sponsor: Purdue University

Brief Summary

Due to the rising incidence of obesity, much emphasis has been placed on identifying mechanisms of increased energy intake. At this point, the mechanisms responsible for the recent increase in obesity prevalence have not been thoroughly examined. Pre-ingestive influences, such as cognitive factors, may play a larger role in creating an energy surplus than previously thought. Expectations about the satiating effect of a food may override the post-ingestive influences in dictating further consumption. In addition, obese individuals may exhibit a decreased compensatory response to foods as compared to lean individuals.

Understanding the effects of energy content, food form, and learning on satiation, satiety, and energy intake will allow for a greater understanding of the mechanisms of energy imbalance as a whole. Food choice is dictated by sensory properties and post-ingestive effects. By utilizing foods with similar sensory properties, the acquired knowledge derived from ingesting these foods can be monitored by analyzing subsequent intake at the same meal and at subsequent eating occurrences. It is hypothesized that the liquid food form will elicit weaker dietary compensation; that is, energy intake at other eating events will not be adjusted to compensate for that food. In addition, it is posited that the lower energy food will cause lower compensation postprandially. By having participants consume the same test food daily over a two week learning period, it is thought that they will show improved dietary compensation when the initial testing is repeated due to learned associations between food properties and metabolism.

Detailed Description

No expansion provided.

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2011-09
• Study First Submitted: 2011-12-05
• Study First Submitted QC: 2011-12-09
• Study First Posted: 2011-12-12
• Primary Completion: 2013-09
• Study Completion: 2015-05
• Status Verified: 2015-10
• Last Update Submitted: 2015-10-14
• Last Update Posted: 2015-10-15

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 120

Inclusion Criteria

• Weight stable (<3 kg weight change within last 3 months)
• Constant habitual activity patterns (no deviation > 1x/wk at 30 min/session within last 3 months)
• Constant habitual diet patterns within last 3 months
• Willingness to eat a chocolate-flavored snack at test sessions and two week training period
• No allergies to any test foods
• Not planning to change use of medications known to influence appetite or metabolism
• Not diabetic
• No history of GI pathology
• Non-smoker for one year or more

Exclusion Criteria

Not provided

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Energy dilute solid food form	Energy dilute solid food	Metabolic effects of consuming energy dilute sold foods before and after regular exposure.
Eenergy dilute beverages	Energy dilute beverages	Metabolic effects of consumption of energy dilute beverages on a regular basis.
Energy dense solid food form	energy dense solid food	Metabolic effects of consuming energy dense solid foods before and after regular exposure.
Energy dense beverage	Metabolic effects of consuming energy dense beverages	Metabolic effects of consuming energy dense beverages before and after regular consumption

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
appetite	12 weeks	Effects of intervention on appetitive sensation such as hunger and fullness
effects of learning on energy intake	12 weeks	The effects of learning based on exposure to products that are high or low in energy and liquid or solid
Effects of food form on energy intake	12 weeks	The effects of food form on energy intake before and after chronic exposure to foods varying in food form and energy density
energy intake	12 weeks	Energy consumed over 12 weeks of intervention.
dietary compensation	12 weeks	spontaneous dietary adjustment in response to intervention
Effects of BMI on sensory learning	12 weeks	The effects of BMI on appetite, energy intake and dietary compensation

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Effects of personality traits on appetite, energy intake and compensation	12 weeks	Effects of personality traits related to feeding on appetite, energy intake and compensation following exposure to foods of different physical form, energy density and before and after learning.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Purdue Univeristy; 🇺🇸 W. Lafayette, Indiana, United States