Experiential Avoidance as the Mechanism of Mindfulness Based Intervention in Reducing Emotional Distress: Daily Dairy Research
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 尚未招募
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 200
- 主要终点
- Weekly changes of Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire during the intervention
研究概览
简要总结
This study hopes to:
- explore whether three weeks of MIED could promote experiential avoidance.
- explore experiential avoidance could be a mediation of outcomes of MIED.
详细描述
Experiential avoidance refers to individuals resisting experiences or trying to eliminate certain experiences (such as emotions, thoughts, physical feelings, memory and behavioral tendencies, etc.), and trying to adopt corresponding strategies to change these experiences and the situations in which the experiences are generated (Hayes, Wilson, Gifford, Follette, & Strosahl, 1996). Experiential avoidance has been proved to be a maintenance factor for many psychological disorders (Boelen & Reijntjes, 2008), and trying to hide or suppress unpleasant thoughts, feelings and physical feelings will increase the frequency and pain of these same experiences (Gross,1998; Gross,2002; Sloan, 2004; Wegner, 1994). According to some reviews, experiential avoidance is one of the beneficial effects of mindfulness (Brown, Bravo, Roos, & Pearson, 2015; Shapiro et al., 2006). However, no study has examined experiential avoidance as mediator in mindfulness intervention whether in the between-subject or in within-subject level . Therefore, this study uses daily diary research explore the role of experiential avoidance as the effective mechanism of mindfulness intervention.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 65 Years（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Subjects with scores greater than 21 on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale.
排除标准
- •Subjects who could not access the Internet;
- •Subjects with insufficient Chinese ability;
- •Subjects who have participated in mindfulness based projects for more than 6 weeks before, and / or the current frequency of meditation practice is more than once a week;
- •Patients with schizophrenia or psychotic affective disorder, current organic mental disorder, substance abuse disorder and generalized developmental disorder;
- •Subjects at risk of suicide.
研究组 & 干预措施
the TAU-only group
treated as usual
the MIED+TAU group
provide standard audio instructions for mindfulness exercises, introduce the nature and law of anxiety, depression and other emotions, the source of anxiety, depression and other emotional distress, and the strategies and methods to alleviate emotional distress. These exercises, knowledge and strategies are based on the latest progress in the field of psychological counseling and treatment, and their application in daily life can help alleviate anxiety, depression and other emotional problems.
干预措施: Mindfulness Intervention for Emotional Distress (Behavioral)
结局指标
主要结局
Weekly changes of Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire during the intervention
时间窗: pre-intervention; weekly during the 7-week intervention; after the 7-week intervention
The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire is a self-reported questionnaire measuring mindfulness levels. Scores range from 39 to 195, with higher scores indicating higher levels of mindfulness.
Weekly changes of Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale during the intervention
时间窗: pre-intervention; weekly during the 7-week intervention; after the 7-week intervention
The Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale is a self-reported questionnaire measuring anxiety. Scores range from 0 to 20, with higher scores indicating higher levels of anxiety.
Weekly changes of Overall Depression Severity and Impairment Scale during the intervention
时间窗: pre-intervention; weekly during the 7-week intervention; after the 7-week intervention
The Overall Depression Severity and Impairment Scale is a self-reported questionnaire measuring depression. Scores range from 0 to 20, with higher scores indicating higher levels of depression.
Daily stressor exposure
时间窗: once a day in the first three weeks of the intervention
Daily stressor exposure was measured using a 7-item scale from the Daily Inventory of Stressful Events. if at least one stressor event was experienced by the participant within the day, it was then categorized as a stressor day. If no stressor events were experienced on the day, it was categorized as a non-stressor day.
Daily mindfulness
时间窗: once a day in the first three weeks of the intervention
5 items with the highest factor from each subscale of the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire were chosen. Scores range from 5 to 25, with higher scores indicating higher levels of mindfulness.
Weekly changes of Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire during the I intervention
时间窗: pre-intervention; weekly during the 7-week intervention; after the 7-week intervention
The Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire is a self-reported questionnaire measuring experiential avoidance. Scores range from 15 to 90, with higher scores indicating higher levels of experiential avoidance.
Daily changes of experiential avoidance
时间窗: once a day in the first three weeks of the intervention
There are 7 items, 4 of which evaluate the use of specific experiential avoidance strategies today, including distraction , redundant thinking, thought suppression and reassessment and 3 of which evaluate today's broader experiential avoidance. Scores range from 7 to 35, with higher scores indicating higher levels of experiential avoidance.
Daily changes of anxiety
时间窗: once a day in the first three weeks of the intervention
Daily anxiety was assessed using a 6-item shortened version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Scores range from 6 to 24, with higher scores indicating higher levels of anxiety.
Daily changes of depression
时间窗: once a day in the first three weeks of the intervention
Daily depressive symptoms were measured by a 10-item modified version of the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depressive Scale with item wordings adapted to include the word 'today' and the instructions modified. Scores range from 0 to 30, with higher scores indicating higher levels of depression.
Daily changes of positive and negative affect
时间窗: once a day in the first three weeks of the intervention
Daily positive and negative affect were measured using the 10-itemInternational Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Short Form Scale. Scores range from 5 to 25, with higher scores indicating higher levels of positive/negative affect.
Weekly changes of Chinese Perceived Stress Scale during the intervention
时间窗: pre-intervention; weekly during the 7-week intervention; after the 7-week intervention
The Chinese Perceived Stress Scale is a self-reported questionnaire measuring stress. Scores range from 0 to 56, with higher scores indicating higher levels of stress.
Weekly changes of Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II during the intervention
时间窗: pre-intervention; weekly during the 7-week intervention; after the 7-week intervention
The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II is a self-reported questionnaire measuring experiential avoidance. Scores range from 7 to 49, with higher scores indicating higher levels of experiential avoidance.
Weekly changes of 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale during the intervention
时间窗: pre-intervention; weekly during the 7-week intervention; after the 7-week intervention
The 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale is a self-reported questionnaire measuring distress. Scores range from 10 to 50, with higher scores indicating higher levels of distress.
Weekly changes of Inner Peace Scale during the intervention
时间窗: pre-intervention; weekly during the 7-week intervention; after the 7-week intervention
The Inner Peace Scale is a self-reported questionnaire measuring peace. Scores range from 0 to 28, with higher scores indicating higher levels of peace.
Weekly changes of Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale during the intervention
时间窗: pre-intervention; weekly during the 7-week intervention; after the 7-week intervention
The Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale is a self-reported questionnaire measuring psychological health. Scores range from 0 to 63, with higher scores indicating higher levels of depression, anxiety or stress.
次要结局
未报告次要终点