Virtual Reality as a Self-Efficacy Intervention

Not Applicable

Recruiting

• Conditions: Psychological

• Registration Number: NCT05725395
• Lead Sponsor: Thomas Caruso

Brief Summary

The goal is to explore the use of Virtual Reality (VR) as an intervention to increase self-efficacy in a healthcare setting. The investigators would like to determine if an educational VR intervention in the course of healthcare could increase pediatric patient self-efficacy compared to standard of care (i.e no VR).

Detailed Description

While virtual reality has gained momentum as a therapeutic supplement to distract from pain perception and to reduce anxiety, it has received less attention as an intervention to promote more holistic psychological self-efficacy in the course of in-patient care. Child and adolescent self-reported measures of self-efficacy have also been looked over in favor of parent or practitioner measures of a child's self-efficacy.

To evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality on child and adolescent self-efficacy while undergoing hospital care, the investigators will determine the effect of virtual reality to 1) increase pediatric patient self-efficacy compared to standard of care using educational virtual reality, 2) establish a comprehensive profile of short-term psychological well-being in school-aged children and adolescents following admission to a hospital. Participants will serve as their own control to either receive intervention on the first day or second day of the in-patient care and no intervention will be given on the other day.

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2022-11-22
• Study First Submitted QC: 2023-02-02
• Study First Posted: 2023-02-13
• Study Start: 2023-06-20
• Status Verified: 2025-03
• Last Update Submitted: 2025-03-03
• Last Update Posted: 2025-03-06
• Primary Completion: 2025-06-30
• Study Completion: 2025-06-30

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: RECRUITING
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 200

Inclusion Criteria

• Patients' age range from 5 to 25 at LPCH/SHC facilities

Exclusion Criteria

• Participants who do not consent
• Have a history of seizure disorder
• Currently have nausea
• Have motion sickness
• Are clinically unstable
• Currently using corrective glasses (not compatible with VR headset)
• Currently pregnant

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: CROSSOVER

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Change in the intrinsic motivation	Day 1(baseline), Day 2	Measured with six items from the modified Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) - Interest/Enjoyment Subscale. The perceived interest/enjoyment is scored on scale ranging from 1 (Not at all true) to 7 (very true)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Change in current mental well being as measured by the modified WHO (Five) Well-Being Index	Day 1(baseline), Day 2	The modified WHO (Five) Well-Being Index is a participant-reported outcome measure that assesses current mental well being. Questionnaire contains 5 questions . Scores range from 0 to 5, with higher scores indicating the corresponding feeling exists all the time.
Change in the self-esteem (child)	Day 1(baseline), Day 2	Measured with five items from the modified Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (child). The self-esteem is scored on scale ranging from 1 (very true) to 4 (Definitely not true)
Change in the self-esteem (Adolescent)	Day 1(baseline), Day 2	Measured with five items from the modified Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Adolescent). The self-esteem is scored on scale ranging from 1 (Strongly agree) to 4 (Strongly disagree)
Change in the caregiver perception of the educational experience of the patient	Day 1(baseline), Day 2	Measured with seven items from a modified Educational Experience Parental Survey Scale. The caregiver perception of the educational experience of the patient is scored on scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree)
Change in educational self efficacy	Day 1(baseline), Day 2	Measured with six items from the modified New General Self-Efficacy Scale. The educational self efficacy is scored on scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree)

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford; 🇺🇸 Palo Alto, California, United States