Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Hindi Version of the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) for the Assessment of Preoperative Anxiety in Adult Patients Undergoing Surgery Under General Anesthesia

APAIS in non-English speaking populations depends on accurate translation, cultural adaptation, and validation in the target language. The APAIS was originally created in Dutch and validated among surgical patients. Since then, it has been translated and validated in multiple languages, including English, Japanese, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Chinese, Portuguese, and Kannada. Although Hindi is the most spoken language in India, there is no validated Hindi version of the APAIS. The Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety (VAS-A) is commonly used as a gold-standard unidimensional reference in such validations. Establishing a reliable and culturally relevant Hindi version of APAIS will support better assessment and management of perioperative anxiety in diverse patient populations.