Effectiveness of Physiotherapy Following PRP for Chronic Whiplash

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Neck Injuries; Whiplash Injuries; Platelet Rich Plasma
• Interventions: Other: Multimodal physiotherapy

• Registration Number: NCT03949959
• Lead Sponsor: University of Calgary

Brief Summary

The investigators will explore a standardized and previously published evidence-based conservative multimodal physiotherapy treatment fulfilling clinical practice guidelines in individuals with chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) with facet-mediated pain (appropriate response to dual medial branch blocks) undergoing cervical facet joint Plasma-Rich Platelet (PRPt) and compare health outcomes to individuals' undergoing cervical facet joint PRP with usual care (PRPu), which consists of advice, supervised home exercise and pharmacological management for treatment of residual pain. To be clear, the investigators are not investigating the efficacy or effectiveness of cervical facet joint PRP - these individuals have already consented to proceed with PRP treatment. The investigators are evaluating the role of adjuvant conservative multimodal physiotherapy treatment. It must be noted that these patients have previously failed to respond to conservative physiotherapy. The investigators will use a design which is quite novel in physiotherapy, Single Case Experimental Designs (SCEDs). In contrast to an experimental group design in which one group is compared with another, participants in single-subject research provide their own control data for the purpose of comparison in a within-subject rather than a between-subjects design. SCEDs provide a method to determine response and benefit for every individual patient.

Therefore, the investigators will assess effectiveness of conservative multimodal physiotherapy for chronic WAD with facet-mediated pain undergoing cervical facet joint PRP, using patients as their own control, in a multiple baseline design.

Detailed Description

This will be a single case with randomized multiple baseline experimental design with enrolment of 3 patients undergoing PRPt, and 3 patients undergoing PRPu following PRP. There will be a variable length baseline (A1) and then a staggered start to provide internal validity - one patient starting at 5 days (post-PRP), one at 8 (post-PRP) and one at 11 days post-PRP, randomly allocated. This study will utilise an A1-B-A2 design: a baseline (A1 no intervention); intervention phase (B); and a no intervention (A2 follow up).

Primary outcome measures will be collected daily during this time period. The baseline phase will be followed by a 6-week intervention period (B). Participants will have 10 one hour sessions over a 6-week period. The intervention will be delivered by an experienced physiotherapist with postgraduate qualifications. During the intervention period, once or twice per week the daily collection of the primary outcome measures will coincide with the delivery of each intervention session. The intervention phase will be followed by a 12-week follow-up phase (A2) where participants will have no contact with the intervention personnel. This follow-up phase is implemented in order to determine the possible duration of improvement post intervention. All outcome measures will be collected at the completion of this 12-week follow-up period.

Secondary outcome measures for generalisation purposes will be collected prior to commencing PRP, at the end of the intervention period (which coincides with the commencement of the no-intervention period), and at the end of the no-intervention period; totalling 3 sampling points throughout the study duration.

Basic Information
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Recruitment & Eligibility
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Study & Design
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Trial Locations

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2019-03-04
• Study First Submitted: 2019-04-11
• Study First Submitted QC: 2019-05-13
• Study First Posted: 2019-05-14
• Status Verified: 2021-10
• Primary Completion: 2021-10-18
• Study Completion: 2021-10-18
• Last Update Submitted: 2021-11-02
• Last Update Posted: 2021-11-03

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 6

Inclusion Criteria

• Individuals with Grade II Whiplash Associated Disorder with > 80% relief of familiar neck pain after dual medial branch blocks
• > 12 weeks since injury and failed to respond to previous (> 6 weeks) conservative treatment
• Neck pain on numerical pain rating scale ≥ 4/10
• Neck Disability Index > 28%

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Exclusion Criteria

• Presence of dizziness symptoms
• Known or suspected serious spinal pathology (e.g. metastatic disease of the spine);
• Confirmed fracture or dislocation at time of injury (i.e., WAD Grade IV)
• Nerve root compromise (i.e., WAD Grade III)
• Spinal surgery in the past 12 months; and
• History of any mental health conditions such as bipolar disorder, psychosis, schizophrenia, anxiety, PTSD or severe depression
• Inability to stop taking anti-inflammatory medications for 3-days prior to, or 10-days following PRP
• Unable to understand +/- complete validated questionnaire items in English

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Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: SEQUENTIAL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Physiotherapy (PRPt)	Multimodal physiotherapy	The 6-week exercise program (2 sessions in each of weeks 1-4 and 1 session in each of weeks 5 and 6) will comprise specific individually-tailored exercises to improve the movement and control of the neck and shoulder girdle. The exercises will be of a low load nature and designed to be pain free. At the same time, the physiotherapist will provide pragmatic multimodal physiotherapy to facilitate ability to pursue exercises and guide the participant's return to normal activities. This specific treatment program has been described in detail (Jull et al., 2008; Ritchie et al., 2015b) and focuses on activating and improving the coordination and endurance capacity of the neck flexor, extensor and scapular muscles in specific exercises and functional tasks. Participants will also perform the exercises at home, once per day. Written and illustrated exercise instructions will be provided. The exercise program follows Australian guidelines for the management of chronic whiplash (TRACsa, 2008).

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Self-efficacy whilst performing daily activities in chronic WAD.	12 weeks	This question will ask participants to identify "how confident are you in your ability to perform your daily tasks in the presence of your neck pain or disability?" with 1 indicating not at all confident; 2 indicating a little confident 3 indicating moderately confident; 4 very confident and 5 indicating extremely confident.
Pain, Enjoyment of Life and General Activity (PEG)	12 weeks	PEG measures average neck pain intensity (P), interference with enjoyment of life (E), and interference with general activity (G) on the continuous numeric rating scale (NRS) of 0 to 10 during the last 24 hours (Krebs et al., 2009).

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Patient Global Impression of Change (-3 to +3 scale)	Up to 11 days + 12 weeks	This is a 7 point scale that requires the clinician to assess how much the patient's condition has improved or worsened relative to a baseline state at the beginning of the intervention. +/- 3 relates to Very Much Improved/Worse; +/- 2 to Much Improved/Worse; +/-1 Minimally Improved/Worse
The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)	Up to 11 days + 12 weeks	This scale is a 13-item scale to evaluate catastrophic thinking about pain. It is Likert scored (1-4).
Neck Disability Index (NDI)	Up to 11 days + 12 weeks	The NDI is a reliable and responsive measure of neck pain related disability, validated for use with individuals following whiplash injury (Vernon \& Mior, 1991). The 10-item questionnaire includes activities of daily living that may be affected by neck pain. A percentage score will be calculated from the 0-5 Likert scored response to each question.
Depression & Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21)	Up to 11 days + 12 weeks	The DASS-21 consists of 21 questions, each reflecting a negative emotional symptom. It consists of 3 subscales: Depressive, Anxiety and Stress symptoms. Each question is Likert scored (0-3). The sum of the relevant 7 items for each subscale constitute the participants' scores for each subscale (Lovibond \& Lovibond, 1995).
Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form (SF-12)	Up to 11 days + 12 weeks	This survey measures health related quality of life. The SF-12 contains 12 questions relating to the domains physical functioning; role limitations because of physical health problems; bodily pain; general health perceptions; vitality (energy/fatigue); social functioning; role limitations because of emotional problems; and general mental health (psychological distress and psychological well-being). Physical and mental component summary scores are computed using the 12 questions and range from 0 (lowest level of health) to 100 (highest level of health) (Ware et al, 1996).

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Vivo Cura Health; 🇨🇦 Calgary, Alberta, Canada