Trial on the Effect of E-cigarette Advertising on Cigarette Perceptions in Adolescents
- Conditions
- Positive Perceptions About Cigarette SmokingAttentional BiasSocial NormsSmoking CuesSmoking Susceptibility
- Interventions
- Behavioral: E-cigarette ad exposureOther: non e-cigarette TV commercials
- Registration Number
- NCT03786042
- Lead Sponsor
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
- Brief Summary
This research aims to investigate how exposure to advertising for Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (commonly called e-cigarettes) may lead to combustible smoking initiation in adolescents.
- Detailed Description
\[3/14/2020\]: Study recruitment temporarily halted due to the COVID-19 pandemic
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 132
- Exclusion criteria will include inadequate English proficiency, and diagnosis of a learning or vision disorder.
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- FACTORIAL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description E-cigarette ad exposure E-cigarette ad exposure Participants in the e-cigarette ad exposure condition will view e-cigarette ads on the computer screen while having their eye movements tracked non e-cigarette ad exposure non e-cigarette TV commercials Participants in the non e-cigarette ad exposure condition will view non e-cigarette ads on the computer screen while having their eye movements tracked
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method 11-item scale that measures social normative beliefs about smoking approximately 30 minutes post intervention This 11-item scale assess social normative beliefs about smoking related to 1) perceived disapproval from family/friends, 2) perceived popularity among successful/elite, and 3) perceived prevalence. Disapproval scale questions are answered using a 4-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly disagree; 4 = Strongly agree). A total disapproval score (ranging from 1 to 4) is calculated by averaging responses to each question. Higher values indicate a higher disapproval score. Popularity scale questions are answered using a 4-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly disagree; 4 = Strongly agree). A total popularity score (ranging from 1 to 4) is calculated by averaging responses to each question. Higher values indicate a higher popularity score. Prevalence scale questions are answered using a percent scale from 0 - 100% in 10% increments. A total prevalence scale (from 0 to 100) is calculated by averaging the responses to each question. Higher values indicate a higher prevalence score.
A 3-item scale that measures adolescent smoking susceptibility approximately 30 minutes post intervention This 3-item instrument is used to predict which never smokers are likely to start smoking by measuring their curiosity to use tobacco products. Item responses are on a 4-point Likert scale (definitely yes, probably yes, probably not, definitely not). To classify a respondent as not susceptible to smoking, the respondent must indicate "definitely not" to all four items. Any other response to any item classifies a respondent as "susceptible."
change in baseline in implicit positive smoking expectancies, measured by the implicit association test baseline, within 5 minutes post intervention Scores are measured by recording the amount of time (reaction time) it takes to categorize smoking-related words with positive (e.g., cool) and negative (e.g., cancer) words. Faster reaction times when categorizing smoking-related words with positive words is evidence of higher positive smoking expectancies.
7-item explicit positive smoking expectancies scale approximately 30 minutes post intervention Scores are measured on a 7-item scale. Positive smoking expectancies will be assessed using the following questions that follow the lead-in, "Please tell me how you feel about the following statements." "I think I would enjoy smoking"; "I think smoking would give me something to do when I'm bored"; "I think smoking would help me deal with problems or stress"; "I think smoking would help me stay thin"; "I think smoking would help me to feel more comfortable at parties"; "I think smoking would be relaxing"; and "I think smoking would make me look older." Responses are yes/no. Responses are coded as "1" for yes and "0" for no. Responses are then summed for a maximum positive smoking expectancy score out of 7. Higher scores mean higher positive smoking expectancies.
Amount of time spent looking at static smoking cues in e-cigarette advertisements approximately 30 minutes post intervention Eye-tracking will be used to measure the amount of time spent looking at static smoking cues in screen shots taken from e-cigarette advertisements. The amount time spent looking at a smoking cue is a measure how much attention was given to the smoking cue. The longer the looking time, the greater amount of attention.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method 13-item scale to measure risk perception about cigarette use approximately 30 minutes post intervention This 13-item scale measures risk perceptions associated with cigarette use. Questions are answered using a sliding percent scale from 0 - 100% in 10% increments. A risk perception scale is calculated (from 0 to 100) by averaging the responses to each question. Higher values indicate a higher risk perception.
13-item scale to Measure risk perception about e-cigarette use approximately 30 minutes post intervention This 13-item scale measures risk perceptions associated with e-cigarette use. Questions are answered using a sliding percent scale from 0 - 100% in 10% increments. A risk perception scale is calculated (from 0 to 100) by averaging the responses to each question. Higher values indicate a higher risk perception.
Amount of time looking at dynamic smoking cues in e-cigarette advertisements During the intervention, approximately 15 minutes post baseline Eye-tracking will be used to measure the total amount of time spent looking in realtime at smoking cues in TV commercials for e-cigarettes. The amount of time looking at smoking cues will be a measure of the amount of attention given to smoking cues. The longer the amount of time spent looking at smoking cues indicates that a greater amount of attention was given to the smoking cues.
18-item scale that measures character attributes of actors that appeared in the commercials approximately 30 minutes post intervention Character Attributes will be collected using a scale that measures participants beliefs about character attributes using the lead in: "I think \[Character Name\] is: " using a 5-point Likert (1 = strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree). There is a total of 6 attributes assessed: 1) smart (smart, intelligent, stupid), 2) successful (successful, achieves goals, gets what he/she wants), 3) attractive (physically attractive, ugly, good-looking), 4) funny (funny, humorous, makes me laugh), 5) respected (respected by others, receives approval, criticized by others), and 6) popular (has lots of friends, well liked, gets support from others). A total score (form 1 to 5) for each scale is calculated by averaging responses for each question within that scale. For each scale, a higher total score indicates higher beliefs about that attribute.
5-item scale that measure how much participants wish to be like the actors appearing in the commercials. approximately 30 minutes post intervention This 5-item is scale is used to quantify how much a participant would like to be like an actor appearing in a commercial. Questions are rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree; 5 = Strongly agree). A total identification score (from 1 to 25) is calculated by summing the responses to each question. A higher total score indicates a higher level of wishful identification.
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
Dartmouth-Hithchock Medical Center
🇺🇸Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States