Resistance Training on Elderly Resilience

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Age Problem; Healthy Aging; Activity, Motor
• Interventions: Behavioral: Eight-form Yang-style Tai Chi program; Behavioral: Resistance training

• Registration Number: NCT04690465
• Lead Sponsor: Hong Kong Baptist University

Brief Summary

Background: There is on one hand sufficient evidence showing strong association between resilience and self-rated successful aging. On the other hand, strength training could contribute the cultivation of resilience among older adults. Therefore, the current study aims to examine the effectiveness of resistance training on resilience among Chinese older adults in Hong Kong.

Methods: This study will apply a three-group, double blinded (outcome assessors and data analysts), randomized controlled trial (RCT) to examine the effectiveness of the interventions on resilience, functional fitness, and health related quality of life immediately after a 16-week intervention, as well as the residual effects 12 weeks after completion of the interventions.

Discussion: It is expected that resistance training is promising or even superior to aerobic training in the improvement of resilience. Given the limited evidence on the literature, it is urgently needed to explore the effects of resistance training on the improvement of resilience in older adults. Findings of the current study can contribute to the development of effective resistant training programs for the promotion of resilience among older adults.

Detailed Description

Not available

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2020-12-23
• Study First Submitted QC: 2020-12-28
• Study First Posted: 2020-12-30
• Study Start: 2021-01-30
• Primary Completion: 2021-09-30
• Study Completion: 2021-12-30
• Status Verified: 2022-03
• Last Update Submitted: 2022-03-15
• Last Update Posted: 2022-03-31

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 150

Inclusion Criteria

• 65 to 74 years old;
• capable to walk without assistive device;
• apparently healthy and live independently in communities

Exclusion Criteria

• with cardiovascular or related diseases that prevent from resistance training;
• fail the PAR-Q screening or without physician's advice on readiness of participation in resistance training;
• with substantial experience in practicing resistance training or Tai Chi;
• with high level of resilience.

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: CROSSOVER

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Eight-form Yang-style Tai Chi program	Eight-form Yang-style Tai Chi program	In Tai Chi, the 16-week program will be divided into cognitive, associated, and automatic stages. The coach will apply a group teaching with individual instruction on specific movements based on participant's needs in skills learning and acquisition. The same training principles of individuality and progression as well as training log-book used in resistance training will also be applied to Tai Chi training program.
Resistance training	Resistance training	In the 16 week resistance training, there will be 3 sessions per week, the duration of each session will be 60 minutes, which include 10min of warm-up, 40min of main exercise, and 10min of cool-down. The intensity will be light to somewhat hard (Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) 11 to 13; using the Cantonese version of RPE). In resistance training, the weights (resistance) will be from participants' own bodies, dumbbells, and adjustable ankle weights.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Resilience - The Chinese Version of Resilience Scale	The measure is conducted to examine the change from baseline resilience level at 4 months and at 7 months.	Chinese version of RS (CRS) will be used to measure participants' resilience in the study. The CRS was modified from the Resilience Scale developed by Wagnild and Young with subsequent validation in Chinese older population and confirmed its four-factor structure: equanimity, meaningfulness, ceaseless self-improvement, and self-reliance. It is a 7-point Likert scale from 1 (highly disagree) to 7 (highly agree), with a greater score mirroring higher level of resilience. Three levels are set, with scores of 145 and above indicating moderate to high resilience, scores from 126 to 144 indicating low to moderate levels of resilience, and scores less than 126 indicating low resilience.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Functional fitness - Senior Fitness Test (SFT): Body Composition	The measure is conducted to examine the change from baseline body composition at 4 months and at 7 months.	The functional fitness (FF) of participants will be measured using the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) battery. The SFT is a widely used measurement for functional fitness of older adults in the ageing and physical activity area. Within the SFT, the body mass index (BMI) will be used to examine the body composition of the participants.
Functional fitness - Senior Fitness Test (SFT): Muscle Strength	The measure is conducted to examine the change from baseline Muscle Strength and Endurance level at 4 months and at 7 months.	The functional fitness (FF) of participants will be measured using the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) battery. The SFT is a widely used measurement for functional fitness of older adults in the ageing and physical activity area. Within the SFT, the 30s chair stand test and 30s arm curl test will be used to examine the muscle strength of the participants.
Functional fitness - Senior Fitness Test (SFT): Flexibility	The measure is conducted to examine the change from baseline flexibility at 4 months and at 7 months.	The functional fitness (FF) of participants will be measured using the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) battery. The SFT is a widely used measurement for functional fitness of older adults in the ageing and physical activity area. Within the SFT, chair sit-and-reach test and back scratch test will be used to examine the flexibility of the participants.
Health related quality of life - The Chinese Version of Short Form-36 (C-SF-36)	The measure is conducted to examine the change from baseline quality of life level at 4 months and at 7 months.	The SF-36 consists of 36 items covering two dimensions-physical health (physical functioning, role limitations due to physical problems, role limitations due to emotional problems, and social functioning) and mental health (mental health, vitality, body pain, and general health perception).
Functional fitness - Senior Fitness Test (SFT): Aerobic Endurance	The measure is conducted to examine the change from baseline aerobic endurance level at 4 months and at 7 months.	The functional fitness (FF) of participants will be measured using the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) battery. The SFT is a widely used measurement for functional fitness of older adults in the ageing and physical activity area. Within the SFT, 2min step test will be used to examine the aerobic endurance of the participants.
Functional fitness - Senior Fitness Test (SFT): Motor Ability and Balance	The measure is conducted to examine the change from baseline motor ability and balance at 4 months and at 7 months.	The functional fitness (FF) of participants will be measured using the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) battery. The SFT is a widely used measurement for functional fitness of older adults in the ageing and physical activity area. Within the SFT, 8ft up-and-go test will be used to examine the motor ability and balance of the participants.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Hong Kong Baptist University Sports Hall; 🇭🇰 Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong