Measurement of Sweat Sodium Concentration in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
- Conditions
- Chronic Kidney Diseases
- Interventions
- Diagnostic Test: pilocarpine iontopheresis
- Registration Number
- NCT06354842
- Lead Sponsor
- Medical University of Vienna
- Brief Summary
It has been shown that excretion of sodium and water through the skin in the form of sweat represents a regulatory mechanism of electrolyte- and fluid balance. Since patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit increased skin sodium content, we investigated the feasibility of sweat testing as a novel experimental tool to a more complete assessment of fluid- and sodium homeostasis.
In this cross-sectional feasibility study, we applied pilocarpine iontophoresis to induce sweat testing in 58 patients across various stages of CKD including patients after kidney transplantation as well as a healthy control cohort (n=6) to investigate possible effects of CKD and transplantation status on sweat rate and sodium concentration. Due to non-linear relationships, we modeled our data using polynomial regression.
Decline of kidney function showed a significant association with lower sweat rates: adj R²= 0.2278, F(2, 61) = 10.29, p = 0.000141. Sweat sodium concentrations were increased in moderate CKD, however this effect was lost in end stage renal disease: adj R² = 0.3701, F(4, 59) = 10.26, p = 2.261e-06. We observed higher sweat weight in males compared to females.
Diagnostic sweat analysis represents an innovative and promising noninvasive option for more thorough investigation of sodium- and fluid homeostasis in CKD patients. Lower sweat rates and higher sweat sodium concentrations represent a unique feature of CKD patients with potential therapeutic implications.
- Detailed Description
Not available
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 64
Completed 18th year of life and the ability and willingness to provide informed consent
General exclusion criteria were signs of acute infection, clinical signs of kidney graft rejection or pregnancy. Exclusion criteria for the healthy controls were pregnancy or the presence of chronic metabolic, renal, cardiovascular, or rheumatologic conditions, hypertension, chronic or recent intake (8 weeks prior to testing) of psychiatric or antihypertensive medication.
Study & Design
- Study Type
- OBSERVATIONAL
- Study Design
- Not specified
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description CKDIIIb pilocarpine iontopheresis Patients with chronic kidney disease G3b CKDII pilocarpine iontopheresis Patients with chronic kidney disease G2 CKDIIIa pilocarpine iontopheresis Patients with chronic kidney disease G3a CKDV pilocarpine iontopheresis Patients with chronic kidney disease G5 Control pilocarpine iontopheresis Healthy control subjects CKDI pilocarpine iontopheresis Patients with chronic kidney disease G1 CKDIV pilocarpine iontopheresis Patients with chronic kidney disease G4 CKDVd pilocarpine iontopheresis Patients with chronic kidney disease G5 receiving hemodialysis
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Sweat sodium concentration Right after study inclusion of patients/subjects Sodium concentration of induced sweat by pilocarpine iontopheresis in mmol/L
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
Medical University of Vienna
🇦🇹Vienna, Austria