The Effect of Awareness Education on Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Among Visually Impaired Women
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 尚未招募
- 入组人数
- 74
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Change in Cancer Screening Uptake Rate
研究概览
简要总结
This quasi-experimental study aims to determine whether a breast and cervical cancer awareness training program can increase participation in cancer screening among women with visual impairments. The study also aims to identify barriers to screening and improve knowledge about cancer risk factors and screening methods. The main questions this study will address are:
- Does the training increase the rate at which women with visual impairments attend cancer screening appointments?
- Does the training improve participants' knowledge about breast and cervical cancer?
Participants will:
- Receive training on breast and cervical cancer risk factors and screening methods.
- Learn how to apply to the Cancer Early Diagnosis, Screening, and Training Center.
- Be encouraged to attend cancer screening during the study period.
- Have knowledge and screening status assessed before the training, immediately after, and three months later.
详细描述
Cancer is recognized as a significant public health problem both worldwide and in Türkiye; with its physical and psychosocial burden, it reduces individuals' quality of life and imposes a substantial economic burden on the healthcare system. Breast and cervical cancer are among the most common types of cancer in women, and mortality rates can be significantly reduced through early diagnosis methods. However, not all segments of society have equal opportunities to access these screening programs. Especially, individuals with disabilities face serious barriers in accessing healthcare services; this situation decreases the rate of benefiting from screening services and deepens health inequalities.
Visually impaired women are among the most disadvantaged groups due to gender norms and physical access difficulties. At this point, the nursing profession plays an important role. Nurses, through professional roles such as practitioner, educator, advocate, counselor, and case manager, contribute to ensuring equal access to healthcare services for individuals. The assessment of healthcare needs of individuals with disabilities, providing appropriate training, and increasing awareness are integral parts of nursing care.
In this context, health education programs planned by nurses for individuals with disabilities present an important opportunity to increase early diagnosis behaviors and reduce health inequalities. This project aims to evaluate the effect of breast and cervical cancer awareness training on the screening behavior of visually impaired women. In the project, the "GORSEM" (Awareness Training on Breast and Cervical Cancer for Visually Impaired Women) program, developed based on the Health Belief Model, will be implemented. The training content includes recognizing risk factors, the importance of early diagnosis, screening methods, and information on accessing primary healthcare centers. Participants will be referred to screening centers.
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Aim
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Non Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Screening
- 盲法
- Double (Participant, Outcomes Assessor)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 40 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- Female
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Eligibility Criteria
- •Inclusion Criteria:
- •Women with only a visual impairment (congenital or acquired)
- •Able to communicate, speak, and understand Turkish
- •Voluntarily agree to participate in the study
- •Over the age of 40
- •Have had previous sexual intercourse (Pap smear screening requires sexual activity)
排除标准
- •Diagnosed with breast or cervical cancer
- •Under the age of 40
- •Have not had sexual intercourse before
- •Have undergone screening for at least one of these two cancer types (breast or cervical) within the last year
- •According to the Turkish Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health, in current screenings conducted in our country, within the breast cancer screening program for women, mammography is recommended every two years for women aged 40-69, and within the cervical cancer screening program, Pap smear and HPV-DNA tests are recommended every five years for women aged 30-
- •Since women will be referred by the researchers to KETEM centers after training to undergo mammography and Pap smear screening tests, visually impaired women over the age of 40 who have previously had sexual intercourse will be included in the study, as these two screening tests are performed in this common age group and Pap smear screening requires being sexually active.
研究组 & 干预措施
Cancer Screening Awareness Education (Intervention Group)
Participants in the experimental group will receive an educational intervention on breast and cervical cancer awareness, including information on risk factors, screening methods, and guidance on how to apply to Cancer Early Diagnosis, Screening, and Training Centers. Participants will also be encouraged to accompany a visually impaired peer to a screening appointment. All participants will complete a pre-test, a post-test immediately after the intervention, and a follow-up test at 3 months.
干预措施: Cancer Screening Awareness Education for Visually Impaired Women (Behavioral)
No Education (Control Group)
Participants in the control group will not receive any educational intervention during the study period. After the completion of the study, they will be offered the same educational content provided to the experimental group. All participants will complete a pre-test, a post-test at the end of the study period, and a follow-up test at 3 months.
结局指标
主要结局
Change in Cancer Screening Uptake Rate
时间窗: Post-test (immediately after the training), follow-up test (3 months later).
Change in the percentage of visually impaired women who undergo breast and cervical cancer screening at Cancer Early Diagnosis, Screening, and Training Centers (KETEM) after the educational intervention. * Scale: Not applicable (measured as percentage). * Range: 0% - 100%. * Interpretation: Higher percentages indicate a better outcome (higher screening participation).
次要结局
- Change in Knowledge Scores(Pre-test (before education), post-test (immediately after education), and follow-up test (3 months later))