Effect of an Integrated Educational Session on Enhancing Compliance Behavior Among Pregnant Women With Iron Deficiency Anemia

Brief Summary

Detailed Description

Data collection was conducted between April 2019 and December 2019.This study was grounded in the health compliance model(Heiby and Carlson, 1986) which proposed that elements of engagement between health care providers and patients involve activities that are likely to promote the development of information, produce productive emotions, and help develop the skills required to conduct health behavior. Such aspects of engagement include the healthcare provider listening to the patient's questions, engaging the patient in treatment decisions, and evaluating comprehension of the patient. For the first interview at 24 weeks' gestation, the pregnant women were re-informed about the purpose of the study and the schedule of follow-up. The baseline data that was gathered included test of the women's Hb levels during their routine antenatal visit, socio-demographic characteristics, and obstetric history. Three follow-up examinations were planned for pregnant women in both study and control groups at weeks 28, 32 and 36 of gestation. In the study group, pregnant women with anemia obtained an integrated health education in one session. The educational session was conducted by the principle investigator (PI) and was steered as 40-minutes session and provided individually to every participating woman. The content of the educational session included; disease specific knowledge, impact of anemia on maternal and neonatal outcomes, management opportunities, effectiveness, advantages and draw¬backs of treatment choices, iron-rich diet recognition, false eating patterns stopping iron absorption, and healthy diet. The PI has adopted the medical recommendations based on dietary guidelines for pregnancy(WHO, 2012). The pregnant women were given a chance to ask questions related to the session and its content. Furthermore, women were educated in recording all food and drink consumed inside and outside of the home, i.e. each meal/dish they got during the reporting duration of their diary, 24 hours of recall for seven days. They were also asked to report the exact portion size of the food by normal household measurements (e.g. plates, pots, cups, spoons, and glasses) or by kitchen scale. Additionally, each woman was advised to select the easiest way to remind her of her vitamin time. The pregnant women received an educational brochure at the end of the educational session which included all the information given in that session written in Arabic language. The literature-based educational brochure material was reviewed by three experts in the field of maternity nursing prior to the distribution. Each pregnant woman in both study and control groups was evaluated twice at 28 and 36 weeks' gestation for total dietary iron. The dietary iron intake recorded by women has been calculated using the IRONIC-FFQ and revised, when needed, by dietitian who was not involved in the study. In addition, the degree of the women's adherence to medication was measured by counting the total numbers of pills consumed between two scheduled appointments. For antenatal follow-up appointments for all women in the study and the control groups, phone calls were given monthly and women were reminded to record the iron intake diary seven days before their appointment. The participants returned their supplementary bottles with any unused capsules to the PI during their monthly visits to the antenatal clinic. Adherence to the supplementation scheme was determined based on the number of capsules left in the package after each return visit; adherence (percent)=\[30-number of pills left in the package/number of days between the date of dispensation and the date of return\]100. The equation was adopted based on the method used in(Cogswell et al., 2003). At the last data collection occasion at gestation week 36, the medication adherence scale was inserted along with check of Hb levels for all participating women. Pregnant women who were allocated to the control group received the routine antenatal care and follow-up, but no educational sessions or materials were provided to them Primary Outcome: Compliance degree Secondary Outcome: Iron food intake/mg, the hemoglobin level \& ferritin levels

Primary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes

• Laboratory investigation for hemoglobin & ferrtin level(at 24 and 36 weeks gestation)
• IRON Intake Calculation-Food Frequency Questionnaire (IRONIC-FFQ)(at 28 and 36 weeks gestation)
• 4) Dietary record diary (DRD).(at 28 and 36 weeks gestation)