Effect of Two Types of Exercise Training on Fine Motor Skills in Adolescents: Association With Testosterone
Overview
- Phase
- N/A
- Intervention
- Not specified
- Conditions
- Fine Motor Skills
- Sponsor
- Lithuanian Sports University
- Enrollment
- 135
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Salivary testosterone concentration
- Status
- Completed
- Last Updated
- 5 years ago
Overview
Brief Summary
Despite the importance of physical activity for adolescent physical development, the specific impact of different types of exercise training on fine motor skills and testosterone concentration is unknown. A primary aim of this study was to analyze the benefits of cardiovascular and coordinative exercise training on fine motor skills in an adolescent population. A second aim of our study was to determine the testosterone concentration after physical stress of cardiovascular and coordinative exercise training and if testosterone was related to fine motor skills among adolescents following an exercise training intervention.
Detailed Description
We assigned 135 adolescents (68 girls, 12-15 years of age) from Lithuania. Adolescents were assigned to one of three groups: control group (CON) (n = 46; 23 girls), coordinative exercise (CE) (n = 41; 22 girls), and cardiovascular exercise (CVE) group (n = 48; 23 girls). Participants performed all necessary tests according to the study protocol one week before the intervention. Adolescents were familiarized with the tests on a separate day before the first assessment. A second set of tests was performed one week after the 10-week exercise intervention. The exercise intervention period was 10 weeks. Exercises were led by a Physical Education teacher. Experimental groups had common physical education classes twice per week for 45 minutes each, and additional exercise sessions were held three times per week for 45 minutes after school.
Investigators
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- •absence of physical impairment (e.g. traumatic injury)
- •absence of mental impairment (e.g. mental retardation)
- •no consumption of psychotropic medications
Exclusion Criteria
- •restrictions to do exercises (based on Medical certificate issued by the Physician)
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Salivary testosterone concentration
Time Frame: baseline and week 10
Hormone concentration within the saliva sample was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IBL, Hamburg, Germany). Change = (week 10 score - baseline score).
Fine motor skills assessed by the Flower trail test
Time Frame: baseline and week 10
Flower trail test was used to assess fine motor skills. The participant has to draw a line between two solid lines as accurately as possible and without lifting a pen. A higher score in the flower trail test means more mistakes made. Change = (week 10 score - baseline score)
Secondary Outcomes
- Hand-eye coordination assessed by the Hand-eye coordination test(baseline and week 10)
- Cardiorespiratory fitness assessed by the Shuttle Run Test(baseline and week 10)
- static balance assessed by the Flamingo balance test(baseline and week 10)