Radiological Re-evaluation of Failed Anastomotic Uretheroplasty for PFUDDI Using Computed Tomographic Urethrography

Blunt pelvic trauma results in posterior urethral distraction defects (PUDDs) in ª10% of cases; such injury commonly involves the membranous urethra at the point of departure from the bulbospongiosum, at the prostatomembranous junction, or at any point between its departure and the apex of the prostate [1]. PUDDs are complex pathologically, involving displacement and misalignment of the severed urethral ends with intervening and surrounding fibrosis. Detached bony fragments and callus formation add to the pathological complexity. For a successful repair of a PUDD it is necessary to identify the specific anatomy of the distraction defect before undertaking any treatment[2].

Currently most PFUDDI are associated with trauma as an etiology. Posterior urethral disruption occurs in 4-14% of pelvic ring fractures and 80-90% of posterior urethral injuries are associated with pelvic fractures[4]. Sixty-five percent of post-traumatic posterior urethral injuries are complete[5]. Following trauma the ruptured urethra is usually replaced by fibrosis and in between there is no lumen. Anastomotic urethroplasty is a well established procedure to deal with posterior urethral strictures and gives very good long-term results[6,7].

The success rate of repeat surgery for failed urethroplasty is reported to be less than that for primary urethroplasty. Jakse et al;reported a 71% failure rate following end-to-end urethroplasty with a history of prior urethroplasty[8].

The success rate of end-to-end anastomosis varies from 77 to 95% as described by different series[9,10,11,12]There are very few reports regarding urethroplasty for previously failed PFUDDI[13,14],The most common causes of failure of urethroplasty are the inadequate excision of the strictured segment and surrounding fibrosis, improper case selection and ischemia[14].

For a successful repair of a PFUDDI it is necessary to identify the specific anatomy of the distraction defect before undertaking any treatment, The classic approach for evaluating a PFUDDI is through Retrograde Urethrography [RUG] and Voiding cysto-urethrography (VCUG), particularly while the patient is attempting to void. However, this study can often give a false interpretation of the exact anatomy of the distraction defect on many occasions[15].