Assessment of Anti-HLA Antibody Development After Bone Regeneration Procedures and Analysis of Healing Processes

Bone regeneration procedures are frequently required before implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation in patients with insufficient alveolar bone volume. Allogeneic bone graft materials are widely used in oral and maxillofacial surgery because of their favorable osteoconductive properties and biological similarity to human bone. Despite these advantages, concerns have been raised regarding the possible immunological response associated with their use, including the development of anti-human leukocyte antigen (anti-HLA) antibodies.

The presence of anti-HLA antibodies has been well documented in large organ and tissue transplantation procedures. However, recent reports suggest that even smaller regenerative procedures involving allogeneic bone grafts may lead to the development of these antibodies. Such immunological reactions may potentially influence graft integration, healing dynamics, and the overall regenerative outcome.

The aim of this clinical study is to evaluate changes in anti-HLA antibody levels following bone regeneration procedures and to analyze their potential association with bone healing processes. In addition, the study investigates whether adjunctive photobiomodulation using low-level laser therapy (LLLT) may influence the regenerative process.

The study includes twenty generally healthy adult patients who require bone augmentation prior to implant-supported rehabilitation. Patients undergo regenerative procedures involving either xenogeneic or allogeneic bone graft materials. In addition, a subgroup of participants receives postoperative photobiomodulation therapy using a diode laser.

Before surgery, patients undergo clinical and radiological evaluation, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), to assess the anatomical conditions and plan the surgical procedure. Blood samples are collected prior to surgery to determine baseline levels of anti-HLA antibodies.