Fentanyl Buccal Tablets Versus Immediate Release Oxycodone for Breakthrough Pain in Patients With Chronic Pain

Phase 3

Completed

Conditions: Chronic Pain

Interventions: Drug: Fentanyl Buccal Tablet
Drug: Immediate release oxycodone

Registration Number: NCT00813488

Lead Sponsor: Cephalon

Brief Summary: Evaluate the efficacy of treatment with the fentanyl buccal tablet (FBT) compared with immediate release oxycodone treatment in alleviating breakthrough pain (BTP) in opioid tolerant patients with chronic pain.

Detailed Description: Not available

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 213

Inclusion Criteria

The patient has chronic pain of at least 3 months duration associated with any of the following conditions: diabetic peripheral neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, traumatic injury, complex regional pain syndrome, back pain, neck pain, fibromyalgia, chronic pancreatitis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or cancer. Other chronic painful conditions may be evaluated for possible inclusion.
The patient is currently using at least one of the following: at least 60 mg of oral morphine/day, or at least 25 mcg of transdermal fentanyl/hour, or at least 30 mg of oxycodone/day, or at least 8 mg of hydromorphone/day, or an equianalgesic dose of another opioid/day as ATC therapy for at least 7 days before administration of the first dose of study drug.
The patient is willing to provide written informed consent, including a written opioid agreement form, to participate in this study.
Women must be surgically sterile, 2 years postmenopausal, or, if of childbearing potential, using a medically accepted method of birth control and agree to continued use of this method for the duration of the study.
Any patient with cancer should have a life expectancy of at least 3 months.
The patient reports an average PI score, over the 24 hours prior to screening, of 6 or less (0=no pain through 10=pain as bad as you can imagine) for their chronic pain.
The patient experiences, on average, at least 1 and less than 5 BTP episodes per day while taking ATC opioid therapy, and on average, the duration of each BTP episode is less than 4 hours during the screening period.
The patient currently uses opioid therapy for alleviation of BTP episodes, occurring at the location of the chronic pain, and achieves at least partial relief.
The patient must be willing and able to successfully self administer the study drug, comply with study restrictions, complete the electronic diary, and return to the clinic for scheduled study visits as specified in this protocol.

Key

Exclusion Criteria

The patient has uncontrolled or rapidly escalating pain as determined by the investigator or has pain uncontrolled by therapy that could adversely impact the safety of the patient or that could be compromised by treatment with study drug.
The patient has a recent history (within 5 years) or current evidence of alcohol or other substance abuse.
The patient has known or suspected hypersensitivities, allergies, or other contraindications to any ingredient in either study drug.
The patient has a diagnosis of chronic headache or migraine as the primary painful condition with associated BTP.
The patient has cardiopulmonary disease that would, in the opinion of the investigator, significantly increase the risk of treatment with potent synthetic opioids.
The patient has medical or psychiatric disease that, in the opinion of the investigator, would compromise the patient's safety or collected data.
The patient has suicidal ideation at screening or has a history of suicidal ideation within 1 year or history of suicide attempt within 2 years before screening, or a diagnosis of bipolar disorder or history of schizophrenia
The patient is expected to have surgery during the study that will impact the patient's chronic pain and/or BTP.
The patient has had therapy before study drug treatment that, in the opinion of the investigator, could alter pain or response to pain medication.
The patient is pregnant or lactating.
The patient has participated in a previous study with FBT.
The patient has participated in a study involving an investigational drug in the prior 30 days.
The patient is currently using FBT or oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate for BTP.
The patient is currently using immediate-release oxycodone for BTP and is unwilling to undergo re-titration.
The patient has received a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) within 14 days before the first treatment with study drug.
The patient has any other medical condition or is receiving concomitant medication/therapy (e.g., regional nerve block) that could, in the opinion of the investigator, compromise the patient's safety or compliance with the study protocol, or compromise collected data.
The patient is involved in active litigation in regard to the chronic pain currently being treated.
The patient has a positive UDS for an illicit drug or a medication not prescribed for him/her or which is not medically explainable (i.e., active metabolites).
The investigator feels that the patient is not suitable for the study for any reason (e.g., the patient's social history indicates an increased risk of drug diversion)
Additional exclusion criteria will apply for patients who decide to participate in the pharmacokinetics assessment to be performed at designated study sites.

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: CROSSOVER

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Fentanyl buccal tablet first then immediate release oxycodone	Fentanyl Buccal Tablet	This crossover study includes a screening period, two titration periods, two double-blind treatment periods during which subjects will be randomized to receive fentanyl buccal tablet (FBT) plus placebo during the first treatment period and then immediate release oxycodone plus placebo during the second treatment period or vice versa, then followed by a 12-week open-label treatment period with FBT or an alternative short acting opioid.
Immediate Release Oxycodone first then FBT	Fentanyl Buccal Tablet	This crossover study includes a screening period, two titration periods, two double-blind treatment periods during which subjects will be randomized to receive fentanyl buccal tablet (FBT) plus placebo during the first treatment period and then immediate release oxycodone plus placebo during the second treatment period or vice versa, then followed by a 12-week open-label treatment period with FBT or an alternative short acting opioid.
Fentanyl buccal tablet first then immediate release oxycodone	Immediate release oxycodone	This crossover study includes a screening period, two titration periods, two double-blind treatment periods during which subjects will be randomized to receive fentanyl buccal tablet (FBT) plus placebo during the first treatment period and then immediate release oxycodone plus placebo during the second treatment period or vice versa, then followed by a 12-week open-label treatment period with FBT or an alternative short acting opioid.
Immediate Release Oxycodone first then FBT	Immediate release oxycodone	This crossover study includes a screening period, two titration periods, two double-blind treatment periods during which subjects will be randomized to receive fentanyl buccal tablet (FBT) plus placebo during the first treatment period and then immediate release oxycodone plus placebo during the second treatment period or vice versa, then followed by a 12-week open-label treatment period with FBT or an alternative short acting opioid.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Pain Intensity Difference (PID) at 15 Minutes Post-treatment (PID15)	Immediately pre-dose and 15 minutes after dosing	Pain intensity (PI) scores were assessed on an 11-point numerical rating scale from 0 = no pain to 10 = pain as bad as you can imagine after each episode of breakthrough pain during the double-blind treatment period. The PID15 is the difference between the PI scores from the episode baseline (immediately prior to study drug administration)and 15 minutes after the administration of the study drug. Least squared mean was from an analysis of variance (ANOVA) with treatment as randomized, phase, and sequence as fixed factors and patient as a random factor using compound symmetry.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Pain Intensity Difference (PID) at 5 Minutes Post-treatment	Immediately pre-dose and 5 minutes after dosing	Pain intensity (PI) scores were assessed on an 11-point numerical rating scale from 0 = no pain to 10 = pain as bad as you can imagine after each episode of breakthrough pain during the double-blind treatment period. The PID5 is the difference between the PI score from the episode baseline (immediately prior to study drug administration) and 5 minutes after the administration of the study drug. Least squared mean was from an analysis of variance (ANOVA) with treatment as randomized, phase, and sequence as fixed factors and patient as a random factor using compound symmetry.
Pain Intensity Difference (PID) at 10 Minutes Post-treatment	Immediately pre-dose and 10 minutes after dosing	Pain intensity (PI) scores were assessed on an 11-point numerical rating scale from 0 = no pain to 10 = pain as bad as you can imagine after each episode of breakthrough pain during the double-blind treatment period. The PID10 is the difference between the PI score from the episode baseline (immediately prior to study drug administration) and 10 minutes after the administration of the study drug. Least squared mean was from an analysis of variance (ANOVA) with treatment as randomized, phase, and sequence as fixed factors and patient as a random factor using compound symmetry.
Pain Intensity Difference (PID) at 30 Minutes Post-treatment	Immediately pre-dose and 30 minutes after dosing	Pain intensity (PI) scores were assessed on an 11-point numerical rating scale from 0 = no pain to 10 = pain as bad as you can imagine after each episode of breakthrough pain during the double-blind treatment period. The PID30 is the difference between the PI score from the episode baseline (immediately prior to study drug administration) and 30 minutes after the administration of the study drug. Least squared mean was from an analysis of variance (ANOVA) with treatment as randomized, phase, and sequence as fixed factors and patient as a random factor using compound symmetry.
Pain Intensity Difference (PID) at 45 Minutes Post-treatment	Immediately pre-dose and 45 minutes after dosing	Pain intensity (PI) scores were assessed on an 11-point numerical rating scale from 0 = no pain to 10 = pain as bad as you can imagine after each episode of breakthrough pain during the double-blind treatment period. The PID45 is the difference between the PI score from the episode baseline (immediately prior to study drug administration) and 45 minutes after the administration of the study drug. Least squared mean was from an analysis of variance (ANOVA) with treatment as randomized, phase, and sequence as fixed factors and patient as a random factor using compound symmetry.
Pain Intensity Difference (PID) at 60 Minutes Post-treatment	Immediately pre-dose and 60 minutes after dosing	Pain intensity (PI) scores were assessed on an 11-point numerical rating scale from 0 = no pain to 10 = pain as bad as you can imagine after each episode of breakthrough pain during the double-blind treatment period. The PID60 is the difference between the PI score from the episode baseline (immediately prior to study drug administration) and 60 minutes after the administration of the study drug. Least squared mean was from an analysis of variance (ANOVA) with treatment as randomized, phase, and sequence as fixed factors and patient as a random factor using compound symmetry.
Percentage Change in Pain Intensity Difference (% PID) at 5 Minutes Post-treatment	Immediately pre-dose and 5 minutes after dosing	Pain intensity (PI) scores were assessed on an 11-point numerical rating scale from 0 = no pain to 10 = pain as bad as you can imagine after each episode of breakthrough pain during the double-blind treatment period. The PID5 is the difference between the PI scores from the episode baseline (immediately prior to study drug administration)and 5 minutes after the administration of the study drug. The difference is calculated and assessed as a percentage of the baseline pain intensity score.
Percentage Change in Pain Intensity Difference (% PID) at 10 Minutes Post-treatment	Immediately before treatment and 10 minutes after treatment.	Pain intensity (PI) scores were assessed on an 11-point numerical rating scale from 0 = no pain to 10 = pain as bad as you can imagine after each episode of breakthrough pain. The PID10 is the difference between the PI scores from the episode baseline (immediately prior to study drug administration)and 10 minutes after the administration of the study drug. The difference is calculated and assessed as a percentage of the baseline pain intensity score. This was assessed during the double-blind treatment period.
Percentage Change in Pain Intensity Difference (% PID) at 15 Minutes Post-treatment	Baseline (immediately pre-dose) and 15 minutes after dosing	Pain intensity (PI) scores were assessed during the double-blind treatment period on an 11-point numerical rating scale from 0 = no pain to 10 = pain as bad as you can imagine after each episode of breakthrough pain. The PID15 is the difference between the PI scores from the episode baseline (immediately prior to study drug administration)and 15 minutes after the administration of the study drug. The difference is calculated and assessed as a percentage of the baseline pain intensity score.
Percentage Change in Pain Intensity Difference (% PID) at 30 Minutes Post-treatment	Pre-dose and 30 minutes after dosing	Pain intensity (PI) scores were assessed on an 11-point numerical rating scale from 0 = no pain to 10 = pain as bad as you can imagine after each episode of breakthrough pain during the double-blind treatment period. The PID30 is the difference between the PI scores from the episode baseline (immediately prior to study drug administration)and 30 minutes after the administration of the study drug. The difference is calculated and assessed as a percentage of the baseline pain intensity score.
Percentage Change in Pain Intensity Difference (% PID) at 45 Minutes Post-treatment	Immediately pre-dose and 45 minutes after dosing	Pain intensity (PI) scores were assessed on an 11-point numerical rating scale from 0 = no pain to 10 = pain as bad as you can imagine after each episode of breakthrough pain during the double-blind treatment period. The PID45 is the difference between the PI scores from the episode baseline (immediately prior to study drug administration)and 45 minutes after the administration of the study drug. The difference is calculated and assessed as a percentage of the baseline pain intensity score.
Percentage Change in Pain Intensity Difference (% PID) at 60 Minutes Post-treatment	Immediately pre-dose and 60 minutes after dosing	Pain intensity (PI) scores were assessed on an 11-point numerical rating scale from 0 = no pain to 10 = pain as bad as you can imagine after each episode of breakthrough pain during the double-blind treatment period. The PID60 is the difference between the PI scores from the episode baseline (immediately prior to study drug administration)and 60 minutes after the administration of the study drug. The difference is calculated and assessed as a percentage of the baseline pain intensity score.
Sum of Pain Intensity Difference at 30 Minutes Post-treatment (SPID30)	From 5 minutes after dosing through 30 minutes after dosing	PI scores were assessed on an 11-point numerical rating scale from 0 = no pain to 10 = pain as bad as you can imagine. SPID30 were derived from PID values. The SPID30 scores during the double-blind treatment phase were calculated as the time- weighted sum of the PID scores from 5 through 30 minutes,after the administration of study drug. SPID30 = (⅓ x PID5) + (⅓ x PID10) + (⅓ x PID15) + PID30. Least squared mean was from an analysis of variance (ANOVA) with treatment as randomized, phase, and sequence as fixed factors and patient as a random factor using compound symmetry.
Sum of Pain Intensity Difference at 60 Minutes Post-treatment (SPID60)	From 5 minutes after dosing through 60 minutes after dosing	PI scores were assessed on an 11-point numerical rating scale from 0=no pain to 10=pain as bad as you can imagine during the double-blind treatment period. The SPID60 was derived from PID values. The SPID60 scores during the double-blind treatment phase were calculated as the time- weighted sum of the PID scores from 5 through 60 minutes,after the administration of the study drug. SPID60 = SPID30 + PID45 + PID60. Least squared mean was from an analysis of variance (ANOVA) with treatment as randomized, phase, and sequence as fixed factors and patient as a random factor using compound symmetry.
Pain Relief (PR) Score at 5 Minutes Post-treatment	5 minutes after treatment	The PR score 5 minutes after the administration of study drug during the double-blind treatment phase was recorded in the patient's diary. The PR scale is a 5-point categorical scale of 0-4 (0=none, 1=slight, 2=moderate, 3=a lot, 4=complete).
Pain Relief Score at 10 Minutes Post-treatment	10 minutes after treatment with study drug	The PR score 10 minutes after the administration of study drug during the double-blind treatment phase was recorded in the patient's diary. The PR scale is a 5-point categorical scale of 0-4 (0=none, 1=slight, 2=moderate, 3=a lot, 4=complete).
Pain Relief Score at 15 Minutes Post-treatment	15 minutes after treatment with study drug	The PR score 15 minutes after the administration of study drug during the double-blind treatment phase was recorded in the patient's diary. The PR scale is a 5-point categorical scale of 0-4 (0=none, 1=slight, 2=moderate, 3=a lot, 4=complete).
Pain Relief Score at 30 Minutes Post-treatment	30 minutes after treatment with study drug	The PR score 30 minutes after the administration of study drug during the double-blind treatment phase was recorded in the patient's diary. The PR scale is a 5-point categorical scale of 0-4 (0=none, 1=slight, 2=moderate, 3=a lot, 4=complete).
Pain Relief Score at 45 Minutes Post-treatment	45 minutes after treatment with study drug	The PR score 45 minutes after the administration of study drug during the double-blind treatment phase was recorded in the patient's diary. The PR scale is a 5-point categorical scale of 0-4 (0=none, 1=slight, 2=moderate, 3=a lot, 4=complete).
Pain Relief Score at 60 Minutes Post-treatment	60 minutes after treatment with study drug	The PR score 60 minutes after the administration of study drug during the double-blind treatment phase was recorded in the patient's diary. The PR scale is a 5-point categorical scale of 0-4 (0=none, 1=slight, 2=moderate, 3=a lot, 4=complete).
Total Pain Relief at 60 Minutes (TOTPAR60)	From 5 minutes to 60 minutes after dosing	The mean TOTPAR at 60 minutes will be calculated for each episode as the weighted sum of Pain Relief (PR) scores (5-point Likert scale, 0 = none to 4 = complete) at each assessment of PR (during the double-blind treatment period) until 60 minutes after study drug administration, as follows: TOTPAR60 =(⅓ x PR5)+ (⅓ x PR10) +(⅓ x PR15)+ PR30 + PR45 + PR60. Least squared mean was from an analysis of variance (ANOVA) with treatment as randomized, phase, and sequence as fixed factors and patient as a random factor using compound symmetry.
Percent Total Pain Relief at 60 Minutes Posttreatment (%TOTPAR)	From 5 minutes through 60 minutes after study drug treatment	The PR score at set intervals after the administration of study drug during the double-blind treatment phase was recorded in the patient's diary. The PR scale is a 5-point categorical scale of 0-4 (0=none, 1=slight, 2=moderate, 3=a lot, 4=complete). The maximum TOTPAR score that could be achieved at 60 minutes is equal to 16; thus, %TOTPAR at 60 minutes is (TOTPAR60 /16) x 100.The % TOTPAR achieved 60 minutes after the administration of study drug was calculated during the double-blind treatment phase.
Time to Any Pain Relief (APR) by Treatment - <= 5 Minutes	From time study drug was taken until 5 minutes after treatment	Time to APR (subjective perception of any reduction in pain intensity) was measured by stopwatch and by scheduled questions at each time point up to 60 minutes during double-blind treatment period. No pain relief was defined as: patient indicated no pain relief experienced, rescue medication was used,or missing data. For each category (\<5, \<10, \<15, \<30, \<45, \<60 minutes, No APR-rescue medication used, and No APR-no rescue medication used)the number of episodes which time to APR fell in that category was compared. Number of episodes where APR was achieved in 5 minutes or less was compared.
Time to Any Pain Relief (APR) by Treatment <=10 Minutes	From study drug treatment until 10 minutes after treatment	Time to APR (subjective perception of any reduction in pain intensity) was measured by stopwatch and by scheduled questions at each time point up to 60 minutes during double-blind treatment period. No pain relief was defined as: patient indicated no pain relief experienced, rescue medication was used,or missing data. For each category (\<5, \<10, \<15, \<30, \<45, \<60 minutes, No APR-rescue medication used, and No APR-no rescue medication used)the number of episodes which time to APR fell in that category was compared. Number of episodes where APR was achieved in 10 minutes or less was compared.
Time to Any Pain Relief (APR) by Treatment <=15 Minutes	From study drug administration to 15 minutes after treatment	Time to APR (subjective perception of any reduction in pain intensity) was measured by stopwatch and by scheduled questions at each time point up to 60 minutes during double-blind treatment period. No pain relief was defined as: patient indicated no pain relief experienced, rescue medication was used,or missing data. For each category (\<5, \<10, \<15, \<30, \<45, \<60 minutes, No APR-rescue medication used, and No APR-no rescue medication used)the number of episodes which time to APR fell in that category was compared. Number of episodes where APR was achieved in 15 minutes or less was compared.
Time to Any Pain Relief (APR) by Treatment <=30 Minutes	Time of study drug administration till 30 minutes after treatment	Time to APR (subjective perception of any reduction in pain intensity) was measured by stopwatch and by scheduled questions at each time point up to 60 minutes during double-blind treatment period. No pain relief was defined as: patient indicated no pain relief experienced, rescue medication was used,or missing data. For each category (\<5, \<10, \<15, \<30, \<45, \<60 minutes, No APR-rescue medication used, and No APR-no rescue medication used)the number of episodes which time to APR fell in that category was compared. Number of episodes where APR was achieved in 30 minutes or less was compared.
Time to Any Pain Relief (APR) by Treatment <=45 Minutes	Time of study drug treatment until 45 minutes after treatment	Time to APR (subjective perception of any reduction in pain intensity) was measured by stopwatch and by scheduled questions at each time point up to 60 minutes during double-blind treatment period. No pain relief was defined as: patient indicated no pain relief experienced, rescue medication was used,or missing data. For each category (\<5, \<10, \<15, \<30, \<45, \<60 minutes, No APR-rescue medication used, and No APR-no rescue medication used)the number of episodes which time to APR fell in that category was compared. Number of episodes where APR was achieved in 45 minutes or less was compared.
Time to Any Pain Relief (APR) by Treatment <=60 Minutes	Time of study drug treatment until 60 minutes after treatment	Time to APR (subjective perception of any reduction in pain intensity) was measured by stopwatch and by scheduled questions at each time point up to 60 minutes during double-blind treatment period. No pain relief was defined as: patient indicated no pain relief experienced, rescue medication was used,or missing data. For each category (\<5, \<10, \<15, \<30, \<45, \<60 minutes, No APR-rescue medication used, and No APR-no rescue medication used)the number of episodes which time to APR fell in that category was compared. Number of episodes where APR was achieved in 60 minutes or less was compared.
Time to Meaningful Pain Relief (MPR) by Treatment - <= 5 Minutes	From time study drug was taken until 5 minutes after treatment	Time to MPR (subjective perception of meaningful reduction in pain intensity) was measured by stopwatch and by scheduled questions at each time point up to 60 minutes during double-blind treatment period. No pain relief was defined as: patient indicated no pain relief experienced, rescue medication was used,or missing data. For each category (\<5, \<10, \<15, \<30, \<45, \<60 minutes, No MPR-rescue medication used, and No MPR-no rescue medication used)the number of episodes which time to MPR fell in that category was compared.
Time to Meaningful Pain Relief (MPR) by Treatment <=10 Minutes	Time of study drug treatment until 10 minutes after treatment	Time to MPR(subjective perception of meaningful reduction in pain intensity) was measured by stopwatch and by scheduled questions at each time point during double-blind treatment period. No pain relief was defined as: patient indicated no pain relief experienced, rescue medication was used,or missing data. For each category (\<5, \<10, \<15, \<30, \<45, \<60 minutes, No MPR-rescue medication used, and No MPR-no rescue medication used)the number of episodes which time to MPR fell in that category was compared. Number of episodes in which MPR was achieved in 10 minutes or less was compared.
Time to Meaningful Pain Relief (MPR) by Treatment <=15 Minutes	Time of study drug administration until 15 minutes after treatment	Time to MPR(subjective perception of meaningful reduction in pain intensity) was measured by stopwatch and by scheduled questions at each time point during double-blind treatment period. No pain relief was defined as: patient indicated no pain relief experienced, rescue medication was used,or missing data. For each category (\<5, \<10, \<15, \<30, \<45, \<60 minutes, No MPR-rescue medication used, and No MPR-no rescue medication used)the number of episodes which time to MPR fell in that category was compared. Number of episodes in which MPR was achieved in 15 minutes or less was compared.
Time to Meaningful Pain Relief (MPR) by Treatment <=30 Minutes	Time of study drug administration until 30 minutes after treatment	Time to MPR(subjective perception of meaningful reduction in pain intensity) was measured by stopwatch and by scheduled questions at each time point during double-blind treatment period. No pain relief was defined as: patient indicated no pain relief experienced, rescue medication was used,or missing data. For each category (\<5, \<10, \<15, \<30, \<45, \<60 minutes, No MPR-rescue medication used, and No MPR-no rescue medication used)the number of episodes which time to MPR fell in that category was compared. Number of episodes in which MPR was achieved in 30 minutes or less was compared.
Time to Meaningful Pain Relief (MPR) by Treatment <=45 Minutes	From study drug administration until 45 minutes after treatment	Time to MPR(subjective perception of meaningful reduction in pain intensity) was measured by stopwatch and by scheduled questions at each time point during double-blind treatment period. No pain relief was defined as: patient indicated no pain relief experienced, rescue medication was used,or missing data. For each category (\<5, \<10, \<15, \<30, \<45, \<60 minutes, No MPR-rescue medication used, and No MPR-no rescue medication used)the number of episodes which time to MPR fell in that category was compared. Number of episodes in which MPR was achieved in 45 minutes or less was compared.
Clinician Global Impression of Change (CGIC) at Visit 8- 2 Months After Open Label Treatment	Two months after start of open-label extension period	The CGIC is a standardized tool that measures the change in a patient's overall status rating since the start of the open-label extension period, in the opinion of the clinician. The 7-point scale includes very much worse=-3, much worse=-2, minimally worse=-1,no change=0, minimally improved=+1, much improved=+2, and very much improved=+3. Here it was assessed 2 months after the start of the open-label extension period. The CGIC was completed by the clinicians at visits 7, 8, and 9 (or early termination).
Time to Meaningful Pain Relief (MPR) by Treatment <=60 Minutes	Time of study drug administration until 60 minutes after treatment	Time to MPR(subjective perception of meaningful reduction in pain intensity) was measured by stopwatch and by scheduled questions at each time point during double-blind treatment period. No pain relief was defined as: patient indicated no pain relief experienced, rescue medication was used,or missing data. For each category (\<5, \<10, \<15, \<30, \<45, \<60 minutes, No MPR-rescue medication used, and No MPR-no rescue medication used)the number of episodes which time to MPR fell in that category was compared. Number of episodes in which MPR was achieved in 60 minutes or less was compared.
Use of Standard Rescue Medication	Throughout the double-blind treatment period	Any use of standard rescue medication after the administration of study drug for relief of Breakthrough Pain (BTP) during the double-blind treatment phase was recorded in the patient's diary. The number of breakthrough pain episodes for which study drug treatment was administered and which required rescue medication use was recorded.
Medication Performance Assessment 30 Minutes Post-treatment	30 minutes post-treatment	The medication performance assessment assessed study drug performance on a 5-point categorical scale of 0-4 (0=poor, 1=fair,2=good, 3=very good, 4=excellent) 30 minutes after administration of study drug during the double-blind treatment periods and for the first 5 BTP episodes after each visit during the open-label extension period were recorded in the patient's paper diary. Patients were asked "How well did your study medication perform in controlling this breakthrough pain episode?" The number of episodes rated for each category were recorded.
Medication Performance Assessment 60 Minutes Post-treatment	60 minutes post-treatment	The medication performance assessment assessed study drug performance on a 5-point categorical scale of 0-4 (0=poor, 1=fair,2=good, 3=very good, 4=excellent) 60 minutes after administration of study drug during the double-blind treatment periods and for the first 5 BTP episodes after each visit during the open-label extension period were recorded in the patient's paper diary. Patients were asked "How well did your study medication perform in controlling this breakthrough pain episode?" The number of episodes rated for each category were recorded.
Breakthrough Pain Preference Questionnaire	At Visit 6 ( up to 42 days depending upon how long it takes the patient to manage their BTP) after completion of both double-blind treatment periods.	The BTP preference questionnaire is a questionnaire used to measure patients' preference for FBT or immediate-release oxycodone for management of BTP. The question is used to determine a patient's preference between the study drugs given in the 2 double-blind treatment periods. The patient was asked to select 1 of the following: 1, a preference for study drug used in the 1st double-blind treatment period; 2, a preference for study drug used in the 2nd double-blind treatment period; or 3, no preference.
Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) at Visit 7- 1 Month After Open Label Treatment	One month after start of open-label treatment	The PGIC is a standardized self-report tool that measures the change in a patient's overall status rating since the start of the open-label extension period. The 7-point scale includes very much worse= -3, much worse= -2, minimally worse= -1, no change=0, minimally improved= +1, much improved= +2, and very much improved= +3. This was assessed 1 month after start of the open-label extension period.
Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) at Visit 8- 2 Months After Open Label Treatment	2 months after start of open-label extension period	The PGIC is a standardized self-report tool that measures the change in a patient's overall status rating since the start of the open-label extension period. The 7-point scale includes very much worse= -3, much worse= -2, minimally worse= -1, no change=0, minimally improved= +1, much improved= +2, and very much improved= +3. Here it was assessed 2 months after the start of the open-label extension period.
Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) at Visit 9- 3 Months After Open Label Treatment	3 months after start of open-label extension period	The PGIC is a standardized self-report tool that measures the change in a patient's overall status rating since the start of the open-label extension period. The 7-point scale includes very much worse= -3, much worse= -2, minimally worse= -1, no change=0, minimally improved= +1, much improved= +2, and very much improved= +3. Here it was assessed 3 months after the start of the open-label extension period.
Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) Endpoint	At conclusion of open-label extension period	The PGIC is a standardized self-report tool that measures the change in a patient's overall status rating since the start of the open-label extension period. The 7-point scale includes very much worse= -3, much worse= -2, minimally worse= -1, no change=0, minimally improved= +1, much improved= +2, and very much improved= +3. Here it was assessed at the conclusion of the open-label extension period.
Clinician Global Impression of Change at Visit 7- 1 Month After Open Label Treatment	One month after start of open-label extension	The CGIC is a standardized tool that measures the change in a patient's overall status rating since the start of the open-label extension period, in the opinion of the clinician. The 7-point scale includes very much worse=-3, much worse=-2, minimally worse=-1,no change=0, minimally improved=+1, much improved=+2, and very much improved=+3. The CGIC was completed by the clinicians at visits 7, 8, and 9 (or early termination) which correspond to 1, 2, or 3 months after the start of the open-label extension period.
Clinician Global Impression of Change (CGIC) at Visit 9- 3 Months After Open Label Treatment	3 months after start of open-label extension period	The CGIC is a standardized tool that measures the change in a patient's overall status rating since the start of the open-label extension period, in the opinion of the clinician. The 7-point scale includes very much worse=-3, much worse=-2, minimally worse=-1,no change=0, minimally improved=+1, much improved=+2, and very much improved=+3. The CGIC was completed by the clinicians at visits 7, 8, and 9 (or early termination), which correspond to 1, 2, or 3 months after the start of the open-label extension period.
Clinician Global Impression of Change (CGIC)Endpoint	End of open-label extension period	The CGIC is a standardized tool that measures the change in a patient's overall status rating since the start of the open-label extension period, in the opinion of the clinician. The 7-point scale includes very much worse=-3, much worse=-2, minimally worse=-1,no change=0, minimally improved=+1, much improved=+2, and very much improved=+3. The CGIC was completed by the clinicians at visits 7, 8, and 9 (or early termination).

Trial Locations

Locations (50): South Carolina Pharmaceutical Research
🇺🇸
Spartanburg, South Carolina, United States
Suncoast Neuroscience Associates
🇺🇸
St. Petersburg, Florida, United States
CRC of Jackson
🇺🇸
Jackson, Mississippi, United States
Drug Studies America
🇺🇸
Marietta, Georgia, United States
Clinical Research Center of Nevada
🇺🇸
Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
Rehabilitation Associates of Indiana
🇺🇸
Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
University of Cincinnati Medical Center
🇺🇸
Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
Sun Research Institute
🇺🇸
San Antonio, Texas, United States
ICRI Inc.
🇺🇸
Overland Park, Kansas, United States
Parkway Medical Center
🇺🇸
Birmingham, Alabama, United States
The Pain Treatment Center of the Bluegrass
🇺🇸
Lexington, Kentucky, United States
Loma Linda University Health
🇺🇸
Loma Linda, California, United States
Indiana Medical Research
🇺🇸
Elkhart, Indiana, United States
Lovelace Scientific
🇺🇸
Austin, Texas, United States
Knight Center for Integrated Health
🇺🇸
Peoria, Illinois, United States
Aspen Clinical Research
🇺🇸
Orem, Utah, United States
Indiana Pain & Spine Clinic
🇺🇸
South Bend, Indiana, United States
University of Pennsylvania
🇺🇸
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Horizon Research Group, Inc
🇺🇸
Mobile, Alabama, United States
Robert Karns, MD a Medical Corporation
🇺🇸
Beverly Hills, California, United States
Pacific Coast Pain Management
🇺🇸
Laguna Hills, California, United States
Catalina Research Institute, LLC
🇺🇸
Chino, California, United States
VA Northern California Health
🇺🇸
Mather, California, United States
New England Research Associates
🇺🇸
Trumbull, Connecticut, United States
Delray Research Associates
🇺🇸
Delray Beach, Florida, United States
Gold Coast Research
🇺🇸
Plantation, Florida, United States
Compass Research, LLC
🇺🇸
Orlando, Florida, United States
Emerald Coast Research Group Inc
🇺🇸
Marianna, Florida, United States
Taylor Research
🇺🇸
Marietta, Georgia, United States
Georgia Pain Care
🇺🇸
Newman, Georgia, United States
Sarasota Pain Medicine Research
🇺🇸
Sarasota, Florida, United States
Clinical Research of West Florida
🇺🇸
Tampa, Florida, United States
South Coast Medical Group
🇺🇸
Savannah, Georgia, United States
Suburban Clinical Research
🇺🇸
Bolingbrook, Illinois, United States
Millennium Pain Center
🇺🇸
Bloomington, Illinois, United States
Gulf Coast Research Associates, Inc
🇺🇸
Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
Columbia Medical Practice
🇺🇸
Columbia, Maryland, United States
Michigan Neurology Associates PC
🇺🇸
Clinton Township, Michigan, United States
MidAtlantic Pain Medicine Center
🇺🇸
Pikesville, Maryland, United States
Upstate Clinical Research Associates
🇺🇸
Williamsville, New York, United States
Healthcare Research
🇺🇸
Florissant, Missouri, United States
Five Towns Neuroscience Research
🇺🇸
Cedarhurst, New York, United States
Clinical Research Source Inc
🇺🇸
Perrysburg, Ohio, United States
Pain Research of Oregon
🇺🇸
Eugene, Oregon, United States
The Clinical Trial Center, LLC
🇺🇸
Jenkintown, Pennsylvania, United States
Allegheny Pain Management
🇺🇸
Altoona, Pennsylvania, United States
Clinical Research Center
🇺🇸
West Reading, Pennsylvania, United States
CRI Worldwide
🇺🇸
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Greenville Pharmaceutical Research
🇺🇸
Greenville, South Carolina, United States
Trident Institute of Medical Research, LLC
🇺🇸
North Charleston, South Carolina, United States