Effect of Exercise Regimen in Postpartum Females on Weight, Waist Hip Ratio and Depression: Randomized Control Trial

The term postpartum can be defined as the period following the birth of a child, which includes physical and emotional recovery of the mother as well as the adjustment to the new role of parenthood[1]. The amount of weight gained during pregnancy can significantly impact both immediate and long-term health of the mother and her infant. According to the Institute of Medicine (IOM), recommended weight gain during pregnancy varies based on the mother’s pre pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI): ï‚· Underweight (BMI < 18.5): 12.7 to 18 kg ï‚· Normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9): 11.3 to 15.9 kg ï‚· Overweight (BMI 25–29.9): 6.8 to 11.3 kg ï‚· Obese (BMI ≥ 30): 5 to 9 kg This weight gain is distributed across various body areas, reflecting the changes that support fetal growth and prepare the body for childbirth. This weight gain is prominently seen in abdomen, thighs, waist, arms and breasts [1,2]. It usually takes several months to a year to shed gestational weight after delivery. Factors like diet, exercise, breastfeeding, physical activity and individual metabolism all influence the rate of weight loss. A study by AIIMS found that 5.6% of rural women experience postpartum depression or anxiety, which impacted on their parenting stress and relationships. This mental health challenge is largely influenced by societal norms, which increase the struggles faced by these women, reflecting deep-rooted societal attitudes towards motherhood and mental health[3]. Despite the availability of postnatal classes, many women still do not attend them. Traditional Indian postpartum dietary habits often include foods like ghee and jaggery, aimed at enhancing milk production and recovery. However, these practices may not fully align with the Medical Council of India’s guidelines, which suggest a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains to meet needful nutritional needs. When factors such as limited support, traditional dietary practices, and insufficient nutritional guidance combined, can contribute to postpartum depression[3]. The stress and anxiety associated with this mental health challenge often extend beyond individual well-being, often affect marital relationships and sex life. Strain in partners may be experienced due to the emotional and physical toll of postpartum depression, which leads to 8 | Page decreased intimacy and communication problems. Furthermore, traditional diets high in calorie dense foods like ghee and jaggery can lead to obesity, which has long-term consequences on health like obesity, mental health issues and chronic conditions [4]. Obesity increases the risk of chronic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension, all of which can further impact a person’s quality of life, overall health, and relationship dynamics [4]. Addressing these issues through both mental health support and balanced nutrition, is crucial for improving both immediate and long-term well-being. Along with these methods daily Physiotherapy can show some definite results.