Phase II Biomarker Study Comparing the Combination of BRAF Inhibitor Dabrafenib With MEK Inhibitor Trametinib Versus the Combination After Monotherapy With Dabrafenib or Trametinib

Phase 2

Terminated

Conditions: Melanoma

Interventions: Drug: Dabrafenib
Drug: Trametinib

Registration Number: NCT02314143

Lead Sponsor: GlaxoSmithKline

Brief Summary: This is a three-arm, open-label, randomised Phase II study to evaluate whether the different sequencing of dabrafenib and trametinib monotherapies and the upfront combination has an impact on translational or clinical activity in subjects with BRAF mutant metastatic unresectable stage IIIc or IV melanoma. Both dabrafenib and trametinib have demonstrated clinical activity as monotherapies and in combination in BRAF-mutant melanoma. However, duration of responses seem to be limited due to acquired drug resistance. The goal of this protocol is to study the sequential effects of BRAF and MEK inhibition on skin, blood and tumour biomarkers and to study the correlation between biomarkers and response to treatment and intrapatient toxicity. Approximately 54 eligible subjects will be randomised in the ratio of 1:1:1 to one of the three treatment arms.

Detailed Description: Not available

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: TERMINATED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 48

Inclusion Criteria

Participant with signed written informed consent;
Participants of age >=18 years;
Participants with histologically confirmed cutaneous melanoma that is either Stage IIIc (unresectable) or Stage IV (metastatic) (according to American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC] staging 7th edition).
BRAF (proto-oncogene B-Raf) V600E/K mutation-positive confirmed by a local laboratory.
Accessible melanoma tumours for biopsies (locally advanced primary melanoma or metastases)
Measurable disease according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST 1.1) on not biopsied lesions.
All prior anti-cancer treatment-related toxicities (except alopecia) must be <= Grade 1 according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4 (CTCAE version 4.0) at the time of randomisation.
Able to swallow and retain orally administered medication and does not have any clinically significant gastrointestinal abnormalities that may alter absorption such as malabsorption syndrome or major resection of the stomach or bowels.
Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test within 14 days prior to randomisation and agree to use effective contraception, throughout the treatment period, and for 4 months after the last dose of study treatment.
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status score of 0 or 1.
Adequate baseline organ function as defined : absolute neutrophil count >= 1.2 × 109/Liters (L); Haemoglobin >= 9 grams(g)/Deciliter (dL); Platelet count >= 75 x 109/L; prothrombin time(PT)/ international normalized ratio (INR) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) <= 1.5 x Upper limit of normal (ULN); Albumin >= 2.5 g/dL; Total bilirubin- <= 1.5 x ULN; aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) <= 2.5 x ULN; Calculated creatinine clearance >=50 mL/min; Left Ventricular Ejection fraction (LVEF) >= Lower limit of normal (LLN) by Echocardiogram (ECHO)

Exclusion Criteria

Prior treatment with a BRAF or MEK inhibitor
Any major surgery, extensive radiotherapy, chemotherapy with delayed toxicity, biologic therapy, or immunotherapy within 21 days prior to randomisation and/or daily or weekly chemotherapy without the potential for delayed toxicity within 14 days prior to randomisation.
Taken an investigational drug within 28 days or 5 half-lives (minimum 14 days), whichever is shorter, prior to randomisation
Current use of a prohibited medication.
Refusal of tumour and skin biopsies.
History of another malignancy.
Any serious and/or unstable pre-existing medical conditions (aside from malignancy exceptions specified above), psychiatric disorders, or other conditions that could interfere with the participant's safety, obtaining informed consent, or compliance with study procedures.
Known Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), or Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection (with the exception of chronic or cleared HBV and HCV infection which will be allowed).
A history of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency.
Brain metastases are excluded unless: All known lesions were previously treated with surgery or stereotactic surgery (whole-brain radiation is not allowed unless given after definitive treatment with surgery or stereotactic surgery), OR Brain lesion(s), if still present, must be confirmed stable (i.e., no increase in lesion size) for >= 12 weeks prior to randomisation (stability must be confirmed with two consecutive magnetic resonance image (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans with contrast, AND Asymptomatic with no corticosteroid requirements for >= 4 weeks prior to randomisation, AND No enzyme inducing anticonvulsants for >= 4 weeks prior to randomisation.
A history or evidence of cardiovascular risk including any of the following: LVEF < LLN; A QT interval corrected for heart rate using the Bazett's formula (QTcB) >= 480 milliseconds (msec); A history or evidence of current clinically significant uncontrolled arrhythmias; Exception: Participants with atrial fibrillation controlled for > 30 days prior to randomisation are eligible; A history (within 6 months prior to randomisation) of acute coronary syndromes (including myocardial infarction or unstable angina), coronary angioplasty; A history or evidence of current >= Class II congestive heart failure as defined by the New York Heart Association (NYHA) guidelines; Treatment refractory hypertension defined as a blood pressure of systolic > 140 millimetres of mercury (mmHg) and/or diastolic > 90 mmHg which cannot be controlled by anti-hypertensive therapy; Participants with intra-cardiac defibrillators or permanent pacemakers; Known cardiac metastases; Abnormal cardiac valve morphology (>=grade 2) documented by echocardiogram (Participants with grade 1 abnormalities [i.e., mild regurgitation/stenosis] can be entered on study). Participants with moderate valvular thickening should not be entered on study.
A history or current evidence/risk of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) or central serous retinopathy (CSR) including: Presence of predisposing factors to RVO or CSR (e.g., uncontrolled glaucoma or ocular hypertension, uncontrolled hypertension, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, or a history of hyperviscosity or hypercoagulability syndromes); or Visible retinal pathology as assessed by ophthalmic examination that is considered a risk factor for RVO or CSR such as: Evidence of new optic disc cupping; Evidence of new visual field defects on automated perimetry; Intraocular pressure >21 mmHg as measured by tonography.
Known immediate or delayed hypersensitivity reaction or idiosyncrasy to drugs chemically related to the study treatments, their excipients, and/or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
Pregnant or lactating females
Interstitial lung disease or pneumonitis

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Dabrafenib followed by combination therapy	Trametinib	Eligible subjects will receive dabrafenib 150 milligrams (mg) twice a day (BID) continuously during 8 weeks of monotherapy treatment followed by the combination of trametinib 2 mg once daily with dabrafenib 150 mg BID until disease progression, death or unacceptable toxicity.
Trametinib followed by combination therapy	Trametinib	Eligible subjects will receive trametinib 2 mg per day continuously during 8 weeks of monotherapy treatment followed by the combination of trametinib 2 mg once daily with dabrafenib 150 mg BID until disease progression, death or unacceptable toxicity.
Dabrafenib followed by combination therapy	Dabrafenib	Eligible subjects will receive dabrafenib 150 milligrams (mg) twice a day (BID) continuously during 8 weeks of monotherapy treatment followed by the combination of trametinib 2 mg once daily with dabrafenib 150 mg BID until disease progression, death or unacceptable toxicity.
Trametinib followed by combination therapy	Dabrafenib	Eligible subjects will receive trametinib 2 mg per day continuously during 8 weeks of monotherapy treatment followed by the combination of trametinib 2 mg once daily with dabrafenib 150 mg BID until disease progression, death or unacceptable toxicity.
Combination therapy	Dabrafenib	Eligible subjects will receive trametinib 2 mg per day plus dabrafenib 150 mg BID continuously until disease progression, death or unacceptable toxicity.
Combination therapy	Trametinib	Eligible subjects will receive trametinib 2 mg per day plus dabrafenib 150 mg BID continuously until disease progression, death or unacceptable toxicity.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Number of Participants With Percentage Change From Baseline in Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase (ERK) Phosphorylation (p-ERK) H Score From Week 0 to Week 2	Baseline (Week 0) and up to 2 weeks	Intra-tumoral expression levels of ERK measured using immunohistochemistry methods. The H score value ranged from 0 to a maximum score of 300 (strongest expression) was derived by summing the percentages of cells staining at each intensity multiplied by the weighted intensity of staining (0 \[no staining\], 1+ \[weak staining\], 2+ \[medium staining\] and 3+ \[strongest staining\]). Baseline was defined as the most recent non-missing value prior to the first dose of study treatment. Percentage change from Baseline was calculated by dividing change from Baseline value by Baseline value and multiplied by 100. The data has been presented for combination therapy calculated from Week 0 to Week 2. The analysis was based on the biomarker Population which included all participants with biopsy performed at screening and at least once during treatment.
Number of Participants With Percentage Change in p-ERK H Score From Week 8 to Week 10	Week 8 and up to 10 weeks	Intra-tumoral expression levels of ERK were measured using immunohistochemistry methods. The H score value ranged from 0 to a maximum score of 300 (strongest expression) was derived by summing the percentages of cells staining at each intensity multiplied by the weighted intensity of staining (0 \[no staining\], 1+ \[weak staining\], 2+ \[medium staining\] and 3+ \[strongest staining\]). Baseline was defined as the most recent non-missing value prior to the first dose of study treatment. Percentage change from Baseline was calculated by dividing change from Baseline value by Baseline value and multiplied by 100. The data has been presented for dabrafenib followed by combination therapy and trametinib followed by combination therapy, calculated from Week 8 to Week 10.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Number of Participants With Absolute Change in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction From Baseline	Baseline and up to 3.2 years	Echocardiograms (ECHO) was performed to assess cardiac ejection fraction and cardiac valve morphology. Baseline was defined as the most recent non-missing value prior to the first dose of study treatment. Change from Baseline was defined as any visit value minus Baseline value. The worst-case on-therapy value has been presented.
Number of Participants With Change in Hematology Parameters From Baseline	Baseline and up to 3.2 years	Blood samples were collected for evaluation of hematology parameters including hemoglobin, white blood cell (WBC), platelet count, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, total neutrophils, lymphocytopenia and lymphocytosis. Baseline was defined as the most recent non-missing value from a central laboratory prior to the first dose of study treatment. Change from Baseline was defined as any visit value minus Baseline value. The worst-case on therapy value for number of participants with any grade increase in hematology parameters for has been presented.
Number of Participants With On-treatment Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) and Non-SAEs	Up to 3.2 years	An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation participant, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. SAE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose results in death, is life threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in disability, is a congenital anomaly/ birth defect, other situations and is associated with liver injury or impaired liver function.
Number of Participants With Overall Response Rate (ORR)	Up to 3.2 years	Clinical response was evaluated by ORR, which was defined as the number of participants with a confirmed or an unconfirmed complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) at any time per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), version 1.1. CR was defined as disappearance of all target lesions. PR was defined as at least a 30 percent decrease in the sum of the diameters of target lesions. Number of participants with ORR (CR+PR) has been presented. The analysis was based on the Intent-to-Treat Population (ITT) which included all the randomized participants whether or not randomized treatment was administered.
Number of Participants With Abnormal Electrocardiograms (ECG) Findings	Up to 3.2 years	Single measurements of 12-lead ECGs were obtained using an ECG machine that automatically calculates the heart rate and measures PR, QRS, corrected QT interval (QTc), Bazett's Corrected QT interval (QTcB), Friderica's Corrected QT interval (QTcF). Number of participants with abnormal ECG findings (Abnormal - Not Clinically Significant and Abnormal - Clinically Significant ) at any time post-Baseline visit have been presented.
Number of Participants With Change in Clinical Chemistry Parameters From Baseline	Baseline and up to 3.2 years	Blood samples were collected for evaluation of clinical chemistry parameters including sodium, potassium, calcium, albumin, total protein, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GCT), phosphate, C-reactive protein (CRP), hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and estimated creatinine clearance (CRTCE). Baseline was defined as the most recent non-missing value from a central laboratory prior to the first dose of study treatment. Change from Baseline was defined as any visit value minus Baseline value. The worst-case on therapy value for number of participants with any grade increase in clinical chemistry parameters for has been presented. Only those participants available at specified time point were analyzed (represented by n=x in category titles).
Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Abnormal Findings Undergoing Physical Examinations	Up to 3.2 years	Complete physical examination included assessments of eyes, neurological and cardiovascular systems, lungs, abdomen, and any other areas with signs and symptoms of disease, and of the head, neck, ears, nose, mouth, throat, thyroid, lymph nodes, extremities, and a full skin exam to assess cutaneous malignancies and proliferative skin diseases. This analysis was planned but data was not captured in the database. Abnormal changes were captured as adverse events if they were clinically significant.
Number of Participants With Change in Vital Signs From Baseline	Baseline and up to 3.2 years	Vital signs including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heat rate (HR) were measured. Baseline was defined as the most recent non-missing value prior to the first dose of study treatment. Change from Baseline was defined as any visit value minus the Baseline value. The number of participants with heart rate "decrease to \< 60" and "increase to \>100" have been presented. For SBP and DBP, "any grade increase" have been presented. Any grade increase in SBP, including grade 0 (\<120), grade 1 (120-139), grade 2 (140-159), grade 3 (\>=160) and DBP including grade 0 (\<80), grade 1 (80-89), grade 2 (90-99), grade 3 (\>=100) have been presented. The analysis was based on the Safety Population which included all participants who received at least one dose of randomized treatment and was based on the actual treatment received. Only those participants available at specified time point were analyzed (represented by n=x in category titles).
Number of Participants With Change in Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status Scores From Baseline	Baseline and up to 3.2 years	The ECOG scale of performance status describes the level of functioning of participants in terms of their ability to care for themselves, daily activity, and physical ability. The ECOG performance was recorded as per ECOG performance status grades ranging from 0 (fully active, able to carry on all pre-disease performance without restriction) to 5 (dead). Baseline was defined as the most recent non-missing value prior to the first dose of study treatment. Change from Baseline was defined as any visit value minus Baseline value. The Baseline performance status of participants with respect to worst-case on-therapy performance status has been presented.
Number of Participants With Incidence of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Keratoacanthoma	Up to 3.2 years	The safety profile of dabrafenib and trametinib in monotherapy as well as in combination therapy was characterized by determining the number of participants with incidence of squamous cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma.
Plasma Pharmacokinetic Concentration of Trametinib	4 to 8 hours post-dose at Weeks 2, 8 and 10	Blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis of trametinib at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using standard non-compartmental method.
Plasma Pharmacokinetic Concentration of Dabrafenib	4 to 8 hours post-dose at Weeks 2, 8 and 10	Blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis of Dabrafenib at indicated time points. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using standard non-compartmental method.