Quality of Life and Occupational Performance in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: a Telehealth Lifestyle Pilot
Overview
- Phase
- N/A
- Intervention
- Not specified
- Conditions
- Lifestyle, Healthy
- Sponsor
- Creighton University
- Enrollment
- 12
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Change Scores of 20-Item Short Form Survey
- Status
- Completed
- Last Updated
- last year
Overview
Brief Summary
The purpose of this study is to evaluate if an occupational therapy lifestyle program for community-dwelling older adults delivered individually through a telehealth platform can produce comparable outcomes in health-related qualify of life and occupational performance as found in studies that used a longer duration and group intervention.
Detailed Description
Eighty percent of older adult Americans live with at least one chronic disease and 70% manage two or more. Chronic diseases pose significant health and economic costs to individual older adults, burden families due to increased care dependency, and cause substantial strain on the healthcare system. Older adults residing in rural and non-urban communities in particular face additional health disparities due to lack of access or fewer options for health care services and providers. As one solution, telehealth can increase ease and access to health care services, deliver quality outcomes and comparable levels of satisfaction, and reduce costs for both the patient and the health care system. This quantitative pilot study will use a quasi-experimental approach with a single-group, pretest-posttest design to evaluate the effects of the Holistic Occupational Performance Empowerment (HOPE) lifestyle program to promote health-related quality of life and occupational performance of community-dwelling older adults. Investigators anticipate recruiting 12 to 15 English-speaking, independent community-dwelling adults 65 years or older living in non-urban communities within 40 miles of Great Falls, Montana or Oregon City, Oregon. The participants will receive 1 goal-setting session in-person, 6 training sessions via telehealth, and 1 post-intervention debriefing session in-person across 8 weeks; each session will be 45-60 minutes. Each week will comprise one or more lifestyle topics that are based on the twelve modules described in the Lifestyle Redesign®️ manual. The sessions involve an introduction to a lifestyle topic with the investigator providing verbal and visual education, collaborative discussion and reflection, review of a participant's self-identified goals, recommendations and homework, and scheduling of the session for the subsequent week. By addressing health disparities and expanding access, occupational therapists will be more intentional in their delivery of telehealth lifestyle interventions and contribute to chronic disease prevention and reduction.
Investigators
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- •Adults 65 years or older
- •English-speaking
- •Independent community-dwellers
- •Living in non-urban communities within 40 miles of Great Falls, Montana or Oregon City, Oregon
- •Self-reported adequate vision, with or without corrective lenses, to view and read paper-based and electronic materials with a minimum 12-point font size
- •Demonstrate reasonable technology skills (e.g., access email and telehealth platform) with or without the help of a family member or caregiver
- •Have consistent access to an electronic device that has Wi-Fi connection
Exclusion Criteria
- •Require any human assistance with activities of daily living
- •Score of less than 12 out of 15 on 5-minute telephone version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Change Scores of 20-Item Short Form Survey
Time Frame: 2 Times; 1 Week Pre-Intervention; 1 Week Post-Intervention
The 20-Item Short Form Survey (SF-20) is a shortened form of the original 36-item questionnaire created for the Medical Outcomes Study. The SF-20 utilizes close-ended, Likert-type questions to address self-reported health-related quality of life within six domains: physical functioning, role functioning, social functioning, mental health, current health perceptions, and pain. Raw scores from the 20 items are transformed linearly into 0-100 scales for each of the six domains. Higher scores indicate better physical, role, and social functioning, better mental health and health perceptions, and more pain.
Change Scores of Goal Attainment Scaling
Time Frame: 2 Times; 1 Week Pre-Intervention; 1 Week Post-Intervention
Goal attainment scaling (GAS) is a method of scoring the extent to which a participant's individualized goals are achieved over the course of an intervention. The participants will be asked to identify three occupation-based, lifestyle-focused SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and timely) goals. Goals are weighted based on the participant's rating of importance and level of difficulty on a scale of 0 to 3 where higher scores indicate greater importance and greater difficulty, respectively. Each goal is also rated on a 5-point scale capturing a degree of attainment, the expected outcome at pre-intervention, and the achieved outcome at post-intervention. Scores can range from -2 to +2 where a median score of 0 indicates goals were achieved as expected, negative scores indicate goals with worse than expected outcomes, and positive scores indicate goals with better than expected outcomes.
The Short Assessment of Health Literacy-English (SAHL-E)
Time Frame: 1 Week Pre-Intervention
The Short Assessment of Health Literacy-English (SAHL-E) is an 18-item test designed to help health professionals assess the ability of English-speaking adults to read and understand common medical terms. Participants score between 0 and 18 points with higher scores indicating better health literacy. Scores of 14 or below indicate low health literacy.