Foot Neuromodulation for Nocturnal Enuresis

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: Bedwetting

Interventions: Device: TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATOR (TENS

Registration Number: NCT02315560

Lead Sponsor: Heidi Stephany

Brief Summary: To determine the effects of electrical stimulation of the nerves in the foot on the incidence of nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting) in children

Detailed Description: Nocturnal Enuresis is a very common and difficult to treat problem in the pediatric population which can have significant negative impact on a child's quality of life. Apart from medications which can have significant side effects limiting their use, there is a lack of effective and safe treatment options for children with frequent nocturnal enuresis. If foot stimulation prior to bed does indeed improve the frequency of nocturnal enuresis, it may provide a safe and non-invasive therapeutic option.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 25

Inclusion Criteria

Children ages 5 to 16 years old without any specific neurological disorder or urinary tract infection, clinically diagnosed as having nocturnal enuresis AT LEAST 4 episodes per month by history
Currently having no daytime overactive bladder symptoms, i.e. urinary frequency, urgency, or daytime incontinence
Having been assessed for and treated if applicable for behavioral etiologies of nocturnal enuresis - consuming excess fluids or specific bladder irritants
Having been assessed for and treated if applicable for constipation

Exclusion Criteria

Children with known neurological disorders which may be contributing to nocturnal enuresis episodes
Children found through history to have significant behavioral causes of nocturnal enuresis including consumption of excessive fluids or known bladder irritants
Children with chronic constipation who are non-compliant with previous pharmacologic efforts to treat.
Children who are not adequately potty trained
Children with significant daytime symptoms of overactive bladder including frequency, urgency, and daytime incontinence
Children who do not tolerate initial stimulation training session in the urology clinic upon enrollment
Children with any implantable medical devices such as a pacemaker will be excluded from the study

Note: Any patient currently taking medication such as an anti-muscarinic or a tricyclic antidepressant for overactive bladder at time of enrollment will be eligible to participate and will be continued on their usual medication and dosage throughout the study.

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: SINGLE_GROUP

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Tibial Nerve Stimulation	TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATOR (TENS	The subject/parents will be instructed to record a night-time voiding log specifying the number of incontinent episodes per night. This log is included in the Institutional Review Board application. Subjects/parents will fill out the log for a two week period prior to foot stimulation to determine a baseline average of nocturnal enuresis episodes, during the two week foot stimulation period to measure any acute effect on nocturnal enuresis episodes and finally during the two weeks after stimulation to evaluate any post-stimulation residual benefit

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Decrease in Nocturnal Enuresis	6 weeks	To determine if foot stimulation can decrease nocturnal enuresis in children as measured by daily night-time voiding log. The outcome is the number of participants that had a clinical response with improvement of at least 1 wet night reduction during the 6-week stimulation period.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Quality of Life Questionnaire Scores	6 weeks	The NLUTD/DES questionnaire (Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction/Dysfunctional Elimination Syndrome) has been validated and is reliable for assessing lower urinary tract and bowel dysfunction. The questionnaire is scored using a 5-point Likert scale. The questionnaire consists of a total of 14 questions, each question asking about a symptom. Question #7 specifically addresses nocturnal enuresis. A score of 4 indicates severe symptoms, while a score of 0 indicates none. The maximum score is 52, indicating the most severe symptoms, while the minimum score of zero indicates zero symptoms. Scores of 11 or greater indicate bladder or bowel dysfunction.