Investigation of the Relationship Between Sarcopenia and Balance, Fear of Falling and Fall Risk in Older Female Patients
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 166
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Berg Balance Scale(BBS)
研究概览
简要总结
This study (study type: cross-sectional) aims to investigate the relationship of sarcopenia level with balance, fear of falling and risk of falling in the elderly female population. In the first stage, 166 participants were divided into two groups: sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia. Afterwards, they were categorized according to sarcopenia level (probable sarcopenia group, sarcopenia group, severe sarcopenia group, group without sarcopenia) and comparisons were made between these subgroups. Then, they were evaluated with various scales and tests (in terms of balance, fear of falling and risk of falling).
详细描述
The world population is experiencing an aging trend accompanied by declines in fertility and mortality rates. This aging process varies among countries and regions. The aging of societies leads to an increase in health and socioeconomic problems. Sarcopenia is just one of the problems that arise with aging.
Sarcopenia is defined as a progressive syndrome associated with a general loss of muscle mass and strength, leading to a decrease in physical function, deterioration in quality of life, and even adverse outcomes such as death. Although sarcopenia is primarily defined as a syndrome associated with the elderly population, it can also be observed in non-elderly individuals with other diseases or conditions. Therefore, due to its higher prevalence in the elderly population, it can also be referred to as a geriatric syndrome.
The prevalence of sarcopenia varies depending on the measurement methods used to assess muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle performance, as well as the population studied. The frequency of sarcopenia can range from 8% to 40% in populations aged 60 and over. Muscle mass decreases linearly in both men and women after the age of 40. These losses in muscle mass continue at a rate of 8% per decade up to the age of 70 and increase to 15% in the subsequent decades. Total loss can reach up to 50% in the eighth decade.
The etiology of sarcopenia is multifactorial. Aging, certain chronic diseases, immobility, sedentary lifestyle, and nutritional deficiencies can contribute to sarcopenia. While sarcopenia can sometimes be attributed to a single cause, in most cases, a single cause cannot be identified. Sarcopenia can generally be classified into two main categories: primary and secondary. Primary sarcopenia is solely associated with the aging process, while secondary sarcopenia develops due to one or more causes (such as immobility, comorbidities, nutrition). However, it may not always be possible to make a clear distinction between primary and secondary sarcopenia.
Various imaging methods such as computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) can be used to determine muscle mass in the diagnosis of sarcopenia, while anthropometric measurements such as bioimpedance analysis or upper mid-arm circumference and calf circumference may also be applied. Muscle strength is generally measured using a hand dynamometer, while methods such as walking tests, sit-to-stand tests, or stair climbing tests can be used to assess muscle performance.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Ecologic Or Community
- 时间视角
- Cross Sectional
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 65 Years 至 —（Older Adult）
- 性别
- Female
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Being over 60 years old
- •Being a woman
排除标准
- •Those under 60 years of age
- •Hand deformities
- •Advanced knee osteoarthritis
- •Advanced hand osteoarthritis
- •Advanced osteoarthritis in the waist and hip area
- •History of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
- •Communication disorders
- •Muscle diseases
- •Root compressions
- •History of upper and lower extremity spine surgery, prostheses and previous fracture history
- •Those with advanced kyphosis and scoliosis
- •Those with serious neck problems
- •Lumbar spinal stenosis
- •Those with decompensated heart, liver and kidney failure
- •Those who have any disease (neurological, orthopedic, metabolic, etc.) that causes balance disorders
- •Those who use medication that may cause balance disorders
- •Those with severe hearing and vision impairment
- •History of antidepressant, anticholinergic, benzodiazepine and anxiolytic use in the last 3 months
- •Those with major psychiatric illness
- •Those who use alcohol regularly
- •Patients with pacemakers
- •Those with immobility, those whose mobilization is limited for some reason
结局指标
主要结局
Berg Balance Scale(BBS)
时间窗: During the initial evaluation of the patients, their information was recorded in approximately 1 hour.
The Berg balance scale was initially developed to evaluate postural control and is now widely used in many fields. Scoring is done on a 5-point scale that evaluates whether the patient can perform the task safely and independently within a certain period of time. 0 points are given for unrealizable performances and 4 points are given for normal performances. The points given are added together to obtain the maximum score. 0-20 points indicate high fall risk, 21-40 points indicate medium fall risk, 41-56 points indicate low fall risk.
Falls Efficacy Scale (FES)
时间窗: During the initial evaluation of the patients, their information was recorded in approximately 1 hour.
Developed based on low perceived self-efficacy, FES is a reliable and valid method to measure fear of falling. Such as taking a bath, taking a shower, reaching shelves, walking around the house, preparing meals without carrying heavy or hot objects, getting in and out of bed, answering the door or telephone ring, sitting on a chair and getting up, dressing and undressing, going to the toilet and leaving the toilet, personal care. Patients are asked to rate their daily living activities. The points given are evaluated between "1 point I trust very much" and "10 points I do not trust at all", the scores between 0 and 10 are summed and the resulting score is recorded.
Sociodemographic data
时间窗: During the initial evaluation of the patients, their information was recorded in approximately 1 hour.
A form was created to determine the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients. In addition, data on the number of falls and fractures in the last year was also obtained in this form.
Balance and Gait Assessment Scale
时间窗: During the initial evaluation of the patients, their information was recorded in approximately 1 hour.
This scale is an important tool to evaluate the individual's functional status and daily living activities. The scale consists of a maximum of 16 points for balance and a maximum of 12 points for walking, for a total of 28 points. Individuals who score 26 or below on the scale are thought to have a problem; For those with scores of 19 or below, it is observed that the risk of self-falling increases fivefold compared to normal individuals.
次要结局
- Co-morbidities(During the initial evaluation of the patients, their information was recorded in approximately 1 hour.)
- Instrumental activities of living (Lawton-Brody; IADL)(During the initial evaluation of the patients, their information was recorded in approximately 1 hour.)
- Mini-mental state assessment (MMSE)(During the initial evaluation of the patients, their information was recorded in approximately 1 hour.)
- FRAIL fragility index(During the initial evaluation of the patients, their information was recorded in approximately 1 hour.)
- Short physical performance battery (SPPB)(During the initial evaluation of the patients, their information was recorded in approximately 1 hour.)
- Timed up and go test (TUG)(During the initial evaluation of the patients, their information was recorded in approximately 1 hour.)
- Biochemical data(During the initial evaluation of the patients, their information was recorded in approximately 1 hour.)
- Basic activities of daily living (Katz)(During the initial evaluation of the patients, their information was recorded in approximately 1 hour.)
- Number of drugs(During the initial evaluation of the patients, their information was recorded in approximately 1 hour.)
- Mini-nutritional evaluation (MNA-Short form)(During the initial evaluation of the patients, their information was recorded in approximately 1 hour.)
- Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (GDS-SF)(During the initial evaluation of the patients, their information was recorded in approximately 1 hour.)
- The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK)(During the initial evaluation of the patients, their information was recorded in approximately 1 hour.)
研究者
Fatih Güreş
Principal Investigator, Doctor
Konya Beyhekim Training and Research Hospital