Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Root and Alveolar Bone Resorption Associated with Crowded Lower Incisors Leveling and Alignment
- Conditions
- Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Root and Alveolar Bone ResorptionF17.2
- Registration Number
- DRKS00027884
- Lead Sponsor
- Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dental medicine
- Brief Summary
Not available
- Detailed Description
Not available
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- Complete
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 34
• The patient's age ranges between 19 and 30 years old.
• Mild or moderate crowding of less than 6 mm according to Little (23)
• Good oral hygiene.
• All permanent lower teeth are present (except for third molars).
• The patient has not received any previous orthodontic treatment.
• The patient is a smoker of more than 20 cigarettes per day (24) with each cigarette containing a minimum of (0.2 mg of nicotine and 0.2 mg of tar) or its equivalent.
1- Patients with a general or local health condition that affects the movement of the tooth.
2- Patients under medications that affect orthodontic tooth movement.
3- Periodontal lesions that developed during treatment.
4- Patient who is not committed to the periodic follow-up appointments.
5- Patient who does not complete the pain questionnaire.
Study & Design
- Study Type
- interventional
- Study Design
- Not specified
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method 1-Cigarette smoking decrease bone height in smoker's group comparing to non-smoker's group.<br>2-Cigarette smoking decrease bone thickness in smoker's group comparing to non-smoker's group.<br>3-Cigarette smoking decrease bone density in smoker's group comparing to non-smoker's group.<br>4-Cigarette smoking didn't affect root height in smoker's group comparing to non-smoker's group.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Cigarette smoking increases pain after placement of separator elastics in patients who smoke more than 20 cigarette per day