Functional Durability of Peripheral Intravenous Cannula with Attached Three-way Stopcock Without Extension Tubing and With 10 cm Extension Tubing in Children – A Randomized Control Trial

Peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) insertion is a common invasive procedure performed in up to 80 percent of hospitalized patients for the administration of fluids, medications, and blood products. Despite their utility, PIVCs have a high failure rate ranging from 35 to 50 percent, influenced by various factors including chemical (irritant drugs), mechanical (catheter size, material, location, and insertion technique), infection-related (skin flora migration or contaminated hub), and patient-specific factors (age, existing infections). Complications such as thrombophlebitis, extravasation, and occlusion contribute significantly to PIVC failure. Frequent PIVC changes depletes health care resources and gives additional risk. To improve functionality and reduce risks, 3-way stopcocks and various extension sets are used to deliver multiple infusions through a single site. Extension tubing enhances access, reduces contamination, and supports patient comfort, although it may pose risks like residual drugs and dislodgement. By maintaining a closed system and minimizing line manipulation, extensions potentially decrease complications and resource use. But till now, very limited number of studies are available that compare the functional durability (Dwell time) of different types of iv extensions. This research will compare the Durability of two types of three-way stopcocks, i.e., stopcock without any 10 cm extension tubing and that with a 10 cm extension tubing. The research data from this study will serve as critical knowledge that healthcare providers can use to create better IV therapy guidelines and improve patient care quality.