The Acute, Synergistic Effects of Protein and Calcium on Appetite and Energy Intake

Not Applicable

• Conditions: Healthy
• Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Porridge-based breakfast.; Dietary Supplement: Protein; Dietary Supplement: Calcium

• Registration Number: NCT01986036
• Lead Sponsor: Northumbria University

Brief Summary

High-protein meals have previously been shown to acutely reduce appetite and energy intake. More recently, meals higher in calcium have also been shown to increase feelings of fullness, circulating insulin and intestinal peptide concentrations and reduce appetite sensations.

This study aims to assess whether calcium and protein act synergistically to acutely influence appetite and energy intake.

Detailed Description

Not available

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2013-11
• Study First Submitted: 2013-11-11
• Study First Submitted QC: 2013-11-15
• Study First Posted: 2013-11-18
• Primary Completion: 2014-02
• Status Verified: 2014-04
• Last Update Submitted: 2014-04-18
• Last Update Posted: 2014-04-21
• Study Completion: 2014-05

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: UNKNOWN
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 20

Inclusion Criteria

• Male or Female
• BMI 18.5-29.9 kg/m2
• Age: 18-40 years

Exclusion Criteria

• Smokers
• Food allergies
• Metabolic disorders (ie. type 2 diabetes)

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: CROSSOVER

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
CONTROL	Porridge-based breakfast.	Control breakfast low in protein and calcium. Porridge-based breakfast.
PROTEIN	Protein	High-protein breakfast.
PROTEIN	Porridge-based breakfast.	High-protein breakfast.
CALCIUM	Calcium	High-calcium breakfast.
CALCIUM	Porridge-based breakfast.	High-calcium breakfast.
PRO-CAL	Protein	High-protein and calcium breakfast.
PRO-CAL	Calcium	High-protein and calcium breakfast.
PRO-CAL	Porridge-based breakfast.	High-protein and calcium breakfast.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Energy Intake	60 min post test-meal	Energy intake will be assessed by ad libitum consumption of a homogenous pasta meal, 1 h after the test-meal.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Subjective appetite sensations	1 hr	Subjective appetite sensations (hunger, satisfaction, prospective consumption and fullness) will be assessed by visual analogue scales at baseline, and every 15 min following test-meal consumption.
Insulin concentrations	1 hr	Plasma insulin concentrations will be determined at baseline and every 15 min following test-meal consumption.
GLP-1 (7-36) concentrations	1 hr	Plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (7-36) concentrations will be determined at baseline and every 15 min following consumption of the test meal.
GIP concentration	1 hr	Plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) concentrations will be determined at baseline and evert 15 min following test-meal consumption.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Northumbria University; 🇬🇧 Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom