A Study of Nevirapine for the Prevention of HIV Transmission From Mothers to Their Babies
- Conditions
- HIV InfectionsPregnancy
- Registration Number
- NCT00000869
- Brief Summary
The purpose of this study is to see if giving the anti-HIV drug nevirapine (NVP) to HIV-positive pregnant women and their babies can help reduce the chance that a mother will give HIV to her baby during delivery. This study will also test the safety of the drug and see how well it is tolerated by the mother and her baby.
Previous studies suggest that NVP is a promising medication for blocking HIV transmission from HIV-positive mothers to their babies.
- Detailed Description
Nevirapine has several properties that make it an attractive candidate for antiretroviral therapy to interrupt HIV-1 transmission in the intrapartum and early postpartum period. The pharmacokinetic profile suggested that nevirapine would be rapidly absorbed and transferred to the infant in utero when given during labor and delivery. In addition, nevirapine has been shown to penetrate cell-free virions and inactivate virion-associated reverse transcriptase (RT) in situ. This property would be potentially useful in inactivating cell-free virions in the genital tract as well as in breast milk. These characteristics of nevirapine suggest that treatment of an HIV-infected pregnant woman in labor with an oral dose of nevirapine may provide a prophylactic level of nevirapine in the infant during the time of exposure to virus in the birth canal and/or maternal blood. In addition, nevirapine may inactivate the virion-associated RT present in cell-free virions in the genital tract or breast milk.
Women are randomized to receive either NVP or the corresponding placebo in active labor. Women are randomized at any time after their 32nd week gestation \[AS PER AMENDMENT 1/13/98: 28th week gestation\] \[AS PER AMENDMENT 2/23/00: 20th week gestation\]. The randomization is stratified using two factors: (1) use of \[AS PER AMENDMENT 2/23/00: current or anticipated\] antiretroviral therapy during the current pregnancy (no therapy at all; monotherapy for any duration; multi-agent therapy for any duration), and (2) CD4 cell count at the time of randomization (less than 200 cells; 200 - 399 cells; 400 cells or greater). Mothers are followed on study for 4 to 6 weeks postpartum. Mothers are also encouraged to follow the regimen of zidovudine (ZDV) outlined in the Office of Public Health and Science (PHS) treatment guidelines for both themselves and their infants. Infants are administered either NVP or placebo between 48 and 72 hours of life. The infant's study drug is the same as the mother's randomized treatment assignment. Infants are dosed with the study drug according to their randomization group regardless of whether the mother received the study drug. Infants are followed for 4 to 6 weeks, and are tested for HIV at 4 to 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 2009
Not provided
Not provided
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- Not specified
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method
Trial Locations
- Locations (72)
Univ of Alabama at Birmingham - Pediatric
🇺🇸Birmingham, Alabama, United States
Univ of South Alabama
🇺🇸Mobile, Alabama, United States
UCSD Med Ctr / Pediatrics / Clinical Sciences
🇺🇸La Jolla, California, United States
Long Beach Memorial (Pediatric)
🇺🇸Long Beach, California, United States
Los Angeles County - USC Med Ctr
🇺🇸Los Angeles, California, United States
UCLA Med Ctr / Pediatric
🇺🇸Los Angeles, California, United States
Harbor - UCLA Med Ctr / UCLA School of Medicine
🇺🇸Los Angeles, California, United States
San Francisco Gen Hosp
🇺🇸San Francisco, California, United States
UCSF / Moffitt Hosp - Pediatric
🇺🇸San Francisco, California, United States
Children's Hosp of Denver
🇺🇸Denver, Colorado, United States
Scroll for more (62 remaining)Univ of Alabama at Birmingham - Pediatric🇺🇸Birmingham, Alabama, United States