eural correlates of odor liking in food and e-cigarette context

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: Completed

Sex: Not specified

Target Recruitment: 50

Inclusion Criteria

- Be susceptible to e-cigarette use (for definition, see *C1 Research Protocol*)
- Be smoker or non-smoker (for definition, see *C1 Research Protocol*)
- Normal olfactory function according to the Sniffin* Sticks identification
test (>=12 correct answers out of 16)
- Good proficiency of the Dutch and/or English language
- Right-handed
- Aged 18-55 years at the time of inclusion
- Normal BMI (between 18.5-25 kg/m2)
- Healthy as defined by the *F1_1 General screening questionnaire*
- Willing to be informed about incidental findings of pathology and approving
of reporting this to their general physician
- Willing to refrain from using drugs other than tobacco and alcohol for one
week before the test session

Exclusion Criteria

- Dislike the odors under investigation
- Allergic or hyper sensitive reaction to yoghurt
- The use of prescribed or non-prescribed medication in the month prior to the
test session, other than occasional use of pain medication (such as paracetamol
and NSAID*s) or oral contraceptives
- Have a history of drug or alcohol dependence
- Have a psychiatric, neurological, or eating disorder or chronic medical
condition
- Be employed by the Division of Human Nutrition and Health of Wageningen
University or doing an MSc internship/writing a thesis at the Sensory Science
and Eating Behavior chair group within the Division of Human Nutrition and
Health of Wageningen University
- Participation in another medical-scientific study (except for EetMeetWeet)
- Claustrophobic (self-report)
- Having a contra-indication to MRI scanning, including but not limited to
non-removable piercings, a pacemaker, or ferromagnetic implants
- Limited sight that is not corrected with contact lenses or cannot be
corrected with our MRI safe glasses (maximum strength is +6 and -6)
- For women: lactating, being pregnant, or using a IUD as anti-conceptive (with
exception of the Mirena IUD).

Study & Design

Study Type: Interventional

Study Design: Not specified

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
<p>The primary study parameter is the brain response to odors in reward-related<br /><br>brain areas, measured with fMRI. </p><br>

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
<p>Secondary study parameters are quantitative ratings for odor liking, intensity<br /><br>of odor sweetness, intensity of odor savoriness, and willingness to try the<br /><br>e-cigarette/food product obtained using a continuous 100-unit visual analogue<br /><br>scale (VAS). Other secundary study parameters are questionnaires outcomes about<br /><br>reward sensitivity, impulsivity, sensitivity to food cues, smoking and vaping<br /><br>characteristics, and other parameters such as age, gender, history of<br /><br>e-cigarette use, and intention to quit smoking.</p><br>