Efficiency of Muscle Energy Techniques In Female Patients Mechanical Lower Pain: A Randomised Control Trial A Randomised Control Trial

Pain Assessment

时间窗: 8 week

The pain severity felt by the participants in the lumbal region was evaluated with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). VAS is the most appropriate tool for defining pain severity or intensity with its simplicity, reliability and validity as well as ratio scale features (Yakut and Kayıhan 2002). The VAS is a 10cm horizontal scale with 0 as "no pain" and 10 "very severe pain". The participant was asked to mark the severity of low back pain on the line. The marked point was measured and recorded.

Modified Shober Test

时间窗: 8 week

The participant's sacrum bases were combined with a line, the central point of this line was marked, 10 cm above and 5 cm below the central line were marked, and the participants were asked to bend fully forward without bending their knees. If the difference in this distance is less than 5 cm, the measurement was accepted as a decrease in spinal mobility (Tousignant 2005).

Beck Depression Inventory

时间窗: 8 week

This questionnaire, the Turkish validity and reliability of which was conducted by Hisli et al. in 1988, was used to evaluate the depressive symptoms of the participants. Somatic, cognitive, motivational and emotional symptoms are scored with a total of 21 items. An increase in the total scores of the participants indicates an increase in their depressive symptoms (Beck et al. 1961). In our study, analysis was performed using the total scores of the scale.

Fingertip-Ground Distance

时间窗: 8 week

In this test, the participant measures 15 cm. height, while standing upright on a block, he was asked to bend forward without bending his knees, and the fingertip-to-floor distance was measured with a tape measure (İnanoğlu and Baltacı 2014).

Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale

时间窗: 8 week

It was used to evaluate the fear avoidance levels (kinesiophobia) of the participants. This scale, which is used in acute and chronic low back pain, fibromyalgia and musculoskeletal injuries and whiplash-related diseases, consists of 17 questions and a 4-point Likert score (1 = strongly disagree, 4 = completely agree) is used. Items 4, 8, 12, and 16 are reverse-scored, and the high score of the participant in the scale, which is calculated with a total score of 17-68, indicates that kinesiophobia is also high (Yılmaz 2011).

Nottingham Health Profile

时间窗: 8 week

The Turkish version of Küçükdeveci et al. was used to evaluate the health-related quality of life of the participants and to measure the extent to which the health problems perceived by the individual affect normal daily activities. In the questionnaire, which evaluates health status in 6 dimensions with 38 items, energy (3 items), pain (8 items), emotional reactions (9 items), sleep (5 items), social isolation (5 items) and consists of physical activity (8 items). When the scores obtained from the sub-scores for the total NSP score approach from 0 to 100, it is accepted that the quality of life decreases (Küçükdeveci 2000).

Lumbal Lateral Flexion Distance

时间窗: 8 week

It was started with the participant's feet shoulder-width apart, while standing upright, arms parallel to each other and at the side of the trunk. The place of the distal end of the middle finger of the right and left hand of the participant on the thigh was marked, and he was asked to tilt his body to the side by sliding his hand down on the thigh. The end point was marked again and the distance between the Right and Left LuMLBPr Lateral Flexion Distance and the ground was measured with a tape measure and the value found was recorded in centimeters (İnanoğlu and Baltacı 2014).

Oswestry Disability Index

时间窗: 8 week

It was used to evaluate the disability level. The Turkish validity and reliability of this index was done by Yakut et al. (Yakut 2004). In the anMET, which questions the disability status in activities of daily living (pain severity, personal care, lifting, walking, sitting, standing, sleeping, social life, travel, and the degree of change in pain), with an index consisting of 10 items, those who score 0-14 score mild, 15- Those with a score of 29 were considered to have moderate disability, and those with a score above 30 were considered to have advanced disability (Fairbank 2000).