Comparative Evaluation of Recession Coverage Obtained Using Pinhole Surgical Technique, With and With Out Platelet Rich Fibrin : A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Gingival recession is defined as denudation of the tooth root surface due to the apical movement of the gingiva. The occurrence of gingival recession as a periodontal finding has been estimated to be 78.6%. It is multi-factorial and poses problems from different aspects to the patient.Various etiological factors documented over the years include, (in the decreasing order of frequency) toothbrush trauma, malalignment, local factors, occlusal trauma, high frenum attachment, cervical fillings and crown impingement. Recession levels are also influenced by various other factors such as age, sex, teeth and surfaces of teeth, etc.

Over the years, several authors have presented their views on the etiology, types, treatment modalities and prognosis of gingival recession ranging from the direct lateral sliding flap to the most recent minimally invasive techniques. The1970s saw Harvey and Bernimoulin individually demonstrated the use of coronal advancement of the flap along with the use of grafts with the coronal advancement performed 2 months after the grafting was done on the denuded root surface. Subsequently, over the next 3 decades connective tissue grafts along with coronally advanced flap was established as the gold standard for recession coverage.

Lien-Hui Huang (2005) pioneered the use of blood derivatives in the form of Platelet rich Plasma (PRP) for root coverage but with limited or no substantial improvement over existing techniques. More studies were done on blood derivatives and their efficacy which led to the introduction of the second generation of platelet concentrates, Platelet rich Fibrin, as an alternative. Platelet rich Fibrin was first developed by Choukroun in the year 2001 and has been followed by several studies which have revealed that the slow and sustained release of key growth factors makes it a useful bio-healing material. Comparisons with platelet rich plasma have also proved that, platelet rich fibrin has a better release of growth factors and the presence of leukocytes, which offers quicker and more efficient healing with better regenerative potential.

The recent years have seen newer techniques which are aimed at making it a minimally invasive procedure. One such technique was the pinhole surgical technique given by Chao in the year 2012 which involved a tunnelling procedure along with the usage of a bioresorbable membrane which satisfied the expectations of the trial.6Better outcomes can be achieved with the use patient's own products instead of a foreign graft material. Therefore, the present study compares the effectiveness of Platelet Rich Fibrin as an adjunct to the surgical technique for root coverage