Animal and Plant Proteins and Glucose Metabolism
Overview
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Intervention
- Not specified
- Conditions
- Metabolic Syndrome
- Sponsor
- University of Missouri-Columbia
- Enrollment
- 100
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- 24-hour plasma glucose concentration
- Status
- Recruiting
- Last Updated
- last year
Overview
Brief Summary
The goal of this proposal is to determine the effect of a high protein diet in which the increase in protein intake is derived from different sources (animal vs plant and protein-rich whole foods vs protein isolates) on: i) liver and muscle insulin sensitivity; ii) the metabolic response to a meal, and iii) 24-h plasma concentration profiles of glucose, glucoregulatory hormones, and protein-derived metabolites purported to cause metabolic dysfunction.
Investigators
Bettina Mittendorfer
Senior Associate Dean for Research
University of Missouri-Columbia
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- •age: ≥21 and ≤70 years;
- •BMI: \>24.5 and \<32.5 kg/m2;
- •habitual protein intake \<0.9 g/kg/day (assessed on 2 weekdays and 2 weekend days by using the HealthWatch 360 app); and
- •weight stable (i.e., ≤3% change) and untrained (≤150 min of structured exercise/week) for at least 2 months before entering the study.
Exclusion Criteria
- •prediabetes or type 2 diabetes;
- •evidence of chronic kidney disease by medical history or laboratory tests (glomerular filtration rate \<60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or an albumin to creatinine ratio in urine ≥30 mg/g);
- •vegetarians or vegans;
- •intolerance or allergies to ingredients in the metabolic meal or intervention diet;
- •take dietary supplements (e.g., pre- and probiotics, fiber, fish oil) or medications known to affect our study outcomes;
- •received antibiotic or antifungal treatment (which affect the microbiome and therefore microbial metabolite production) 2 months before entering the study;
- •consume tobacco products or excessive alcohol (women: \>14 drinks/week; men: \>21 drinks/week);
- •evidence of significant organ system dysfunction or diseases (e.g., cirrhosis), and
- •unwilling or unable to provide informed consent.
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
24-hour plasma glucose concentration
Time Frame: up to 12 weeks after the intervention
Insulin sensitivity assessed as insulin-mediated glucose disposal during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp procedure
Time Frame: up to 12 weeks after the intervention
Secondary Outcomes
- Postprandial plasma glucose concentration(up to 12 weeks after the intervention)
- mTOR signaling (phospho-S6 content) in circulating monocytes(up to 12 weeks after the intervention)
- Endothelial function, assessed as reactive hyperemia index(up to 12 weeks after the intervention)
- Postprandial plasma insulin concentration(up to 12 weeks after the intervention)
- Postprandial plasma amino acid concentration(up to 12 weeks after the intervention)