Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study Evaluating the Incidence and Risk Factors for Problem Gambling Among Young Adults With First-episode Psychosis

Completed

• Conditions: Gambling Disorder; Psychotic Disorders
• Interventions: Drug: Antipsychotic use; Other: Psychiatric comorbidities; Other: Sociodemographics/socioeconomic status; Other: Gambling history; Other: Clinical variables

• Registration Number: NCT05686772
• Lead Sponsor: Laval University

Brief Summary

The aims of this propsective cohort study are to get a better understanding of the association between problem gambling and psychotic disorders among young adults with first-episode psychosis.

The main questions to be answered are:

1. What is the incidence of problem gambling in this population?

2. What are the predictors of problem gambling in this population?

To do so, putative predictors of problem gambling will be analyzed using Cox regression models:

* Sociodemographics (e.g., age, gender identity, ethnicity, level of education, employment);

* Psychiatric comorbidities (e.g., substance use disorders, cluster B personality disorders);

* Antipsychotic use (first/second-generation, third-generation \[aripiprazole, brexpiprazole, cariprazine\]);

* Prior gambling history.

Detailed Description

All Cox regression models will be adjusted for site-effect. Further multivariable models will be constructed to examine the association between antipsychotic use (as continuous exposure) and incident PBG using the directed acyclic graphs approach to adjust for confounders.

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2019-11-01
• Study First Submitted: 2022-12-29
• Study First Submitted QC: 2023-01-09
• Study First Posted: 2023-01-17
• Primary Completion: 2023-05-01
• Study Completion: 2023-05-01
• Status Verified: 2025-05
• Last Update Submitted: 2025-05-21
• Last Update Posted: 2025-05-28

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 520

Inclusion Criteria

• 18 to 35 years old;
• Diagnosis of first-episode psychosis (i.e., DSM-5 diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, as well as DSM-5 bipolar disorder with psychotic features).

Exclusion Criteria

• Active/prior PBG at te time of admission;
• Loss to follow-up within first three months;
• DSM-5 diagnosis of psychotic disorder due to a medical condition;
• Severe intellectual disability.

Study & Design

• Study Type: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Design: Not specified

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
First-episode psychosis patients	Antipsychotic use	All patients aged 18-35 years with a diagnosis of FEP admitted at two FEP programs in the province of Quebec, Canada.
First-episode psychosis patients	Psychiatric comorbidities	All patients aged 18-35 years with a diagnosis of FEP admitted at two FEP programs in the province of Quebec, Canada.
First-episode psychosis patients	Sociodemographics/socioeconomic status	All patients aged 18-35 years with a diagnosis of FEP admitted at two FEP programs in the province of Quebec, Canada.
First-episode psychosis patients	Gambling history	All patients aged 18-35 years with a diagnosis of FEP admitted at two FEP programs in the province of Quebec, Canada.
First-episode psychosis patients	Clinical variables	All patients aged 18-35 years with a diagnosis of FEP admitted at two FEP programs in the province of Quebec, Canada.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Problem gambling	Outcome assessed at every 6-month time point, from patients admission until the first occurrence of the primary outcome, loss to follow-up, or May 1, 2023.	i) Diagnosis of gambling disorder according to DSM-5 criteria, established by the treating psychiatrist, and/or; ii) Problem gambling according to a score of 8 and more on the Problem Gambling Severity Index, as questioned by the clinical case manager and/or treating psychiatrist

Trial Locations

Locations (2)

Montreal University Hospital Center; 🇨🇦 Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Quebec Mental Health University Institute; 🇨🇦 Quebec, Canada