Effects of Increased Greek Yogurt Consumption on Circulating Markers of Bone Metabolism and Inflammation in Senior Adults
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Completed
- Sponsor
- Brock University
- Enrollment
- 40
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Serum concentrations of amino-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP)
Study Overview
Brief Summary
This study aims to examine whether Greek yogurt (GY) consumption will lead to beneficial changes in bone metabolism and inflammation, in senior adults, male and female, when combined with regular exercise (senior fit classes; GYEX) and without exercise (GYNE). It is hypothesized that compared to a control group (senior fit classes, no GY; NYEX), an 8-week GY consumption intervention in senior adults with and without exercise will lead to positive effects on body composition, and markers of bone metabolism and inflammation such that the anabolic and anti-inflammatory markers of these physiological processes will increase more than any training-induced catabolic and pro-inflammatory markers (i.e., more than measures observed in the NYNE group).
Detailed Description
Participants
The proposed project will follow a randomized controlled parallel design over 8 weeks. A total of 60 senior adults (aged 55+ years; males and females) from the Brock Senior Fit program and Niagara area. All participants will provide written informed consent in order to be included in the study. Potential participants will complete a standardized Get Active screening questionnaire of the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology. Participants will be excluded from the study if they are injured and unable to participate in classes, have an allergy to dairy foods/dairy protein or have been diagnosed with lactose intolerance.
Study Design and Procedures
Participants will be invited to participate in this 8-week study, with senior fit participants being randomly assigned into the control (NYEX) or the intervention exercising (GYEX) group and non-senior fit citizens from the Niagara community will be assigned to the intervention non-exercising group (GYNE).
Control (NYEX) Group: During the 8-weeks, participants will be instructed to follow their typical, habitual diet and exercise regimen.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Parallel
- Primary Purpose
- Prevention
- Masking
- Single (Outcomes Assessor)
Masking Description
Independent blind researchers will analyze blood and data using masked participant codes.
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 55 Years to — (Adult, Older Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •Adults 55+ years from from the Niagara area.
Exclusion Criteria
- •injuries and inability to participate in classes,
- •allergy to dairy foods/dairy protein, or
- •diagnosed with lactose intolerance.
Arms & Interventions
Greek yogurt exercising group (GYEX)
Participants will be asked to consume 2 servings/day (preferably morning and night) of 175 g commercially available GY (0% MF, flavoured, 130 calories, 17 g protein, 225 g calcium (e.g., OIKOS High Protein GY) for a total of 8 weeks. For their convenience, the participants will be provided with appropriate scoops to measure out 175 g of GY per serving of the larger 650 g commercially available, pre-packaged containers. Although it is recommended to consume the two servings morning and night, to increase ecological validity and strengthen the feasibility of the intervention, the timing of the servings will be flexible to facilitate daily routines and lifestyles. For the same reasons, the participants will be able to choose the flavour of their GY.
Intervention: Greek yogurt (Dietary Supplement)
Control exercising group (NYEX)
During the 8-weeks, participants will be instructed to follow their typical, habitual diet and exercise regimen.
Intervention non-exercising group (GYNE)
Participants will be instructed to follow their typical habitual diet. Participants will be asked to consume 2 servings/day (preferably morning and night) of 175 g commercially available GY (0% MF, flavoured, 130 calories, 17 g protein, 225 g calcium; e.g., OIKOS High Protein GY) for a total of 8 weeks. For their convenience, the participants will be provided with appropriate scoops to measure out 175 g of GY per serving of the larger 650 g commercially available, pre-packaged containers. Although it is recommended to consume the two servings morning and night, to increase ecological validity and strengthen the intervention's feasibility, the servings' timing will be flexible to facilitate daily routines and lifestyles. For the same reasons, the participants will be able to choose the flavour of their GY.
Intervention: Greek yogurt (Dietary Supplement)
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Serum concentrations of amino-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP)
Time Frame: Weeks 0 and 8
Bone formation marker measured in pg/mL
Serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Time Frame: Weeks 0 and 8
Regulator of bone remodelling measured in pg/mL
Serum concentrations of osteocalcin
Time Frame: Weeks 0 and 8
Bone turnover marker measured in picograms/milliliter of serum (pg/mL)
Serum concentrations of sclerostin
Time Frame: Weeks 0 and 8
Regulator of bone remodelling (osteokine) measured in pg/mL
plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-10 Plasma concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα)
Time Frame: Weeks 0 and 8
Pro-inflammatory cytokine measured in pg/mL
Serum concentrations of C-telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX)
Time Frame: Weeks 0 and 8
Bone resorption marker measured in ng/mL
Serum concentrations of osteoprotegerin (OPG)
Time Frame: Weeks 0 and 8
Regulator of bone remodelling (osteokine) measured in pg/mL
Serum concentrations of irisin
Time Frame: Weeks 0 and 8
Myokine measured in pg/mL
Serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)
Time Frame: Weeks 0 and 8
Growth factor measured in pg/mL
Serum concentrations of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL)
Time Frame: Weeks 0 and 8
Regulator of bone remodelling (osteokine) measured in pg/mL
Plasma concentrations of interleukin-10 (IL10)
Time Frame: Weeks 0 and 8
Anti-inflammatory cytokine measured in pg/mL
Plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL6)
Time Frame: Weeks 0 and 8
Inflammatory cytokine measured in pg/mL
Secondary Outcomes
- Body mass(Weeks 0 and 8)
- Sport-Specific Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (GeSNK)(Weeks 0 and 8)
- Height(Weeks 0 and 8)
- Body composition(Weeks 0 and 8)
- Energy intake and expenditure(Weeks 0 and 8)
Investigators
Panagiota Klentrou
Professor
Brock University