EFFECTS OF PEDAL EXERCISE VERSUS SAMA VRITTI PRANAYAMA ON HEMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS AND FATIGUE LEVEL IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS :AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

Participants undergoing hemodialysis will be screened based on inclusion criteria, and written informed consent will be obtained from eligible and willing individuals.Participants will be randomly allocated into two groups: Group A (Pedal Exercise) and Group B (Sama Vritti Pranayama). Baseline assessment of fatigue (using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale) and hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure, pulse rate, and respiratory rate) will be recorded before each intervention session.Interventions will be administered twice weekly for four weeks during the first two hours of hemodialysis.Group A will perform a 30-minute pedal exercise session consisting of warm-up, conditioning (cycling at 45–50 RPM), and cool-down phases. Vital parameters will be monitored during exercise, and the session will be discontinued if adverse symptoms occur.Group B will perform Sama Vritti Pranayama (equal ratio breathing: 4-4-4-4 seconds) for approximately 15 minutes, completing six cycles with rest intervals between cycles.Post-intervention fatigue and hemodynamic parameters will be recorded immediately after the session and every 2 minutes until values return to baseline. The same procedure will be followed in all sessions for both groups over the 4-week study period.