Investigating Pathways Between Maternal Nutritional Status, Breastmilk Composition, and Infant Linear Growth in Rural Pakistan
Overview
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Intervention
- Not specified
- Conditions
- Breast Milk Collection
- Sponsor
- Aga Khan University
- Enrollment
- 196
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Maternal BMI
- Status
- Completed
- Last Updated
- 4 years ago
Overview
Brief Summary
Breastmilk is considered optimal for infant growth and development. However, evidence suggests that breastmilk composition can vary according to maternal nutritional status. Among women in Pakistan, there is a high burden of undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. As well, the prevalence of early stunting among Pakistani infants is high. Using a hypothesized pathway model, this study will assess pathways between maternal nutritional status, breastmilk composition, and infant linear growth. This is a substudy to the Matiari emPowerment and Preconception Supplementation (MaPPS) Trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03287882).
Investigators
Dr Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta
Founding Chair, Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health
Aga Khan University
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- •Enrolled in the MaPPS Trial
- •Mothers must report practicing exclusive or predominant breastfeeding (i.e., breastmilk only or breastmilk and non-nutritive feeds only)
- •The infant must be term-born (\>37 weeks gestation)
- •Infant must be 3 months ± 30 days old at the time of recruitment
- •Mothers must be willing to provide a complete breastmilk expression from one breast
- •Intervention arm only: mother reports compliance with study-administered MMN supplements at least 50% of the time (i.e., 4 out of 7 days per week)
- •Able to provide informed consent
Exclusion Criteria
- •Mother reports mixed feeding in her infant with nutritive feeds (i.e., any provision of formula or animal milk)
- •The infant was born preterm (earlier than 37 weeks gestation)
- •Mother does not wish to provide a complete breast expression of one breast
- •Intervention arm: mother reports compliance with MMN supplements \<50% of the time
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Maternal BMI
Time Frame: 3 months postpartum
Maternal dietary diversity score
Time Frame: 3 months postpartum
Minimum score: 0, maximum score: 10
Maternal hemoglobin concentration
Time Frame: 3 months postpartum
Maternal supplement adherence
Time Frame: 3 months postpartum
Determined by report (options: 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100%)
Breastmilk macronutrient composition
Time Frame: 3 months postpartum
Breastmilk micronutrient composition
Time Frame: 3 months postpartum
Infant length
Time Frame: 3 months postpartum
Secondary Outcomes
- Infant weight(3 months postpartum)
- Infant middle-upper arm circumference(3 months postpartum)
- Infant head circumference(3 months postpartum)
- Breastmilk bioactive composition(3 months postpartum)
- Breastmilk microbiome(3 months postpartum)
- Infant microbiome(3 months postpartum)