Cardiorespiratory Adaptations to High-Intensity Inter-val Training in Young Boxers: A Randomized Con-trolled Study
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 16
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
研究概览
简要总结
This study examined the effects of a structured 4-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program integrated with boxing on young trained individuals. Participants were randomly assigned to a HIIT-boxing group or a control group. Pre- and post-intervention assessments measured pulmonary function, aerobic capacity (VO₂max), and heart rate recovery (HRR) at 1, 3, and 5 minutes post-exercise. The study aimed to explore physiological adaptations, particularly improvements in cardiopulmonary and autonomic function.
Integrating HIIT with boxing training may serve as an effective conditioning strategy for enhancing aerobic fitness, pulmonary function, and autonomic cardiovascular regulation in trained individuals. This combined approach could be valuable in sports performance programs and rehabilitation settings where improving VO₂max and recovery efficiency is a priority.
详细描述
Background: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been recognized for its effectiveness in enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness. However, their combined application in boxing training remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the physiological adaptations induced by a structured 4-week HIIT-boxing regimen, with a specific focus on pulmonary function, aerobic capacity, and autonomic cardiovascular regulation, assessed by heart rate recovery (HRR). Methods: Sixteen trained young individuals were randomly assigned to either the HIIT-boxing group or the control group. Comprehensive assessments, including pulmonary function tests, peak oxygen uptake (VO2max), and HRR at the 1st, 3rd, and 5th minutes post-exercise, were conducted pre- and post-intervention.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 21 Years 至 35 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •aged 18-30 years.
- •Actively engaged in structured boxing training for at least 2 years.
- •Training a minimum of 3 days per week.
- •Free of cardiovascular, pulmonary, or neuromuscular conditions.
- •Willing to abstain from non-study physical training 48 hours prior to testing.
- •Provided written informed consent after receiving a full explanation of study procedures.
排除标准
- •Had any diagnosed medical conditions contraindicating high-intensity exercise (e.g., uncontrolled asthma, cardiac arrhythmias).
- •Reported current musculoskeletal injuries limiting full participation.
- •Were taking medications affecting heart rate or respiratory function.
- •Missed more than 10% of the assigned training sessions.
- •Failed to adhere to pre-assessment instructions (e.g., rest or diet restrictions).
研究组 & 干预措施
Exercise group
HIIT consisted of three weekly sessions, each including three blocks of five 30-second all-out punching intervals on a heavy bag, with 6-second rest between efforts and 1-minute rest between blocks.
干预措施: HITT (Behavioral)
control group
Participants in both the experimental and control groups followed an identical boxing training program for a period of four weeks, with sessions conducted three times per week. Each session lasted 90 min and was structured in alignment with the established training principles for amateur boxing. The training began with a 15-minute general warm-up phase, including dynamic mobility drills and calisthenics, to elevate core temperature and enhance neuromuscular readiness.
干预措施: Regular training (Other)
结局指标
主要结局
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
时间窗: baseline and after 4 weeks
Pulmonary function tests were performed using a calibrated desktop spirometer (COSMED Pony FX; COSMED, Rome, Italy) to assess the key respiratory parameters. FVC was recorded to assess lung volume and respiratory strength. Participants performed a maximal inhalation followed by a forceful exhalation to expel as much air as possible. Unit of Measure: Liters (L)
Aerobic Capacity
时间窗: baseline and after 4 weeks
Aerobic capacity was determined using the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) test, a validated method for assessing maximal aerobic capacity in intermittent sports. The participants completed repeated 20-meter shuttle runs at increasing speeds, with short recovery periods between efforts. The aerobic capacity was predicted using the established regression equations for the Yo-Yo IR1 test.
Maximal Voluntary Ventilation (MVV)
时间窗: Baseline and after 4 weeks
MVV was measured using a calibrated desktop spirometer (COSMED Pony FX; COSMED, Rome, Italy) to evaluate overall ventilatory capacity. Participants were instructed to breathe in and out as rapidly and deeply as possible for 12-15 seconds; the value was extrapolated to represent the maximum volume of air inhaled and exhaled in one minute (L/min). Unit of Measure: Liters per minute (L/min)
Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV1)
时间窗: Baseline and after 4 weeks
FEV1 was measured as the volume of air forcefully exhaled in the first second of the FVC maneuver. This value reflects airway patency and expiratory power. Unit of Measure: Liters (L)
Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)
时间窗: Baseline and after 4 weeks
PEF was assessed to determine the highest speed at which air can be expelled from the lungs during a forceful exhalation following full inspiration. Unit of Measure: Liters per minute (L/min)
次要结局
未报告次要终点
研究者
Monira Aldhahi
Associate prof
Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University