Evaluation of fentanyl vs dexmedetomidine as adjuvant with ropivacaine in USG guided transversus abdominis plane block for laparoscopic cholecystectomy on post operative analgesia a comparative study

Introduction:Postoperative pain management is crucial for enhancing patient recovery and reducing hospital stays. The Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) block, guided by ultrasound, is a popular regional anesthesia technique for abdominal surgeries. Ropivacaine, a long-acting local anesthetic, is commonly used in TAP blocks. However, the addition of adjuvant analgesics such as Fentanyl and Dexmedetomidine may further enhance pain relief. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to compare the analgesic efficacy of Fentanyl and Dexmedetomidine as adjuvants to Ropivacaine in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with an ultrasound-guided TAP block. Methodology:A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial will be conducted with patients scheduled for elective abdominal surgery. Participants will be randomly assigned to three groups: Group R (Ropivacaine alone), Group RF (Ropivacaine with Fentanyl), and Group RD (Ropivacaine with Dexmedetomidine). All patients will receive an ultrasound-guided TAP block. Primary outcomes will include pain scores at rest and during movement, assessed at 1, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes will include total opioid consumption in the first 24 hours postoperatively, incidence of side effects, and patient satisfaction scores. Outcome/Significance:This study will provide valuable insights into optimizing postoperative pain management protocols for abdominal surgery. If successful, the findings could support the use of Dexmedetomidine as a preferred adjuvant to Ropivacaine in TAP blocks, improving patient outcomes and enhancing recovery.