Association of Triglyceride Glucose Index and HOMA IR as Predictors of Vascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a global public health problem. With the improvement of people's living standards and the change of lifestyle, the prevalence of T2DM is increasing year by year.

Insulin resistance (IR) is a manifestation of metabolic abnormalities, also known to be one of the main pathogenic drivers of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The gold standard method to measure insulin resistance is through euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (HIEC). However, it was rarely conducted in clinical settings due to its complex process and high costs. The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) is a critical marker, a reliable and straightforward alternative to IR. It based on fasting glucose and triglycerides, it has been proposed as a simple, reliable surrogate measure and less cost-effective for the diagnosis of IR compared with the euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp.

It has been shown that TyG index was significantly elevated in patients with T2D and could be used to identify individuals at high risk for early prevention. Increased TyG index can be used with HbA1C to predict complications in diabetic patients.

The homeostasis model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR) is a relatively most widely used tool to assess IR and uses insulin and glucose level derived from the fasting state.

Pathophysiological studies suggest that IR promotes a pro-inflammatory state and dyslipidemia, which may largely be responsible for arterial stiffness progress.