Safety Study of 5-Azacitidine and Standard Donor Lymphocyte Infusion (DLI) to Treat Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) or Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) Relapsing After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

Phase 2

Completed

• Conditions: Myelodysplastic Syndrome; Acute Myeloid Leukemia
• Interventions: Drug: 5-Azacitidine

• Registration Number: NCT00795548
• Lead Sponsor: Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf

Brief Summary

This open label phase-II trial evaluates hematological response of an additional treatment with 5-Azacitidine to common DLI in patients with MDS or AML relapsing after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

Detailed Description

Relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation is a major problem in patients with poor prognosis AML or MDS. Donor lymphocyte infusions alone re-induce remission in a minority of these patients, which may be the result of poor differentiation of the leukemic cells. The study drug 5-Aza is effective in AML and MDS.In addition to direct cytotoxicity, it alters gene expression and induces differentiation of leukemic blast cells. Furthermore, DNA-demethylating treatment results in an induction of transcription and cell surface expression of formerly unexpressed KIRs (killer Ig-like receptors) in NK cells, which are involved in the specific recognition of leukemic target cells and who are able to generate a specific graft-versus leukemia effect. The increased expression of MHC class I and II molecules on the surface of the recipient's leukemic cells and the de novo expression of formerly silenced KIR genes in donor NK cells due to treatment with 5-Aza may result in an increased susceptibility of myeloid leukemic cells to the allogeneic graft versus leukemia effect. Therefore, the graft-versus leukemia effect by donor lymphocyte infusions and NK cells from the original donor may be supported by additional therapy with 5-Azacitidine.

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2008-11
• Study First Submitted: 2008-11-20
• Study First Submitted QC: 2008-11-20
• Study First Posted: 2008-11-21
• Primary Completion: 2010-10
• Study Completion: 2011-08
• Status Verified: 2012-01
• Last Update Submitted: 2012-01-20
• Last Update Posted: 2012-01-23

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 30

Inclusion Criteria

• Primary and secondary MDS, AML after MDS, and de novo AML relapsing after allogeneic stem cell transplantation

• Eligibility for Donor Lymphocyte Infusions
• Performance status according to the WHO scale: 0, 1 or 2.
• Adequate renal and liver function: bilirubin < 1.5 times the upper limit of normal and a GFR > 50 ml/min
• Absence of severe cardiovascular disease, i.e., arrhythmias requiring chronic treatment, congestive heart failure (NYHA Class III or IV) or symptomatic ischemic heart disease, where New-York Heart Association (NYHA)
• HIV negative and HBs-Ag negative.
• Absence of active uncontrolled infection (Septicaemia).
• No prior history or current evidence of central nervous system and psychiatric disorders requiring hospitalization.
• Age at least 18 years.
• Negative pregnancy test for women with reproductive potential.
• Signed written informed consent must be given according to national/local regulations.

Exclusion Criteria

• Have malignant hepatic tumors.

• Severe liver dysfunction CHILD B and C.
• Renal insufficiency with a GFR < 50 ml/min
• Radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or cytotoxic therapy, given to treat conditions other than MDS, AML or applied for conditioning prior allogeneic stemcell transplantation.
• Psychiatric illness that would prevent granting of informed consent.
• Treatment with androgenic hormones during the previous 14 days prior Day 1.
• Active viral infection with known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or viral Hepatitis B or C.
• Hypersensitivity to Mannitol or 5-Azacitidine.
• Treatment with other investigational drugs following relapse after allogeneic stemcell transplantation or ongoing adverse events from previous treatment with investigational drugs regardless of time period.

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: SINGLE_GROUP

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
5-Azacitidine	5-Azacitidine	5-Azacitidine in addition to standard donor lymphocyte infusions.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Best response	within the 6 months of treatment

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Toxicity	wtihin 3 years
Safety and Toxicity of 5-Azacitidine for patients relapsing after allo-SCT	within 3 years
Response rate	within 6 months
Duration of remissions	within 3 years
Incidence of acute and chronic GvHD	3 years
Achievement of complete chimerism	6 month

Trial Locations

Locations (6)

Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Duesseldorf; 🇩🇪 Duesseldorf, NW, Germany

Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf; 🇩🇪 Hamburg, Germany

Charite´-Campus Benjamin Franklin, Medizinische Klinik III; 🇩🇪 Berlin, Germany

Klinikum der Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität, Medizinische Klinik II; 🇩🇪 Frankfurt, Hessen, Germany

Universitaetsklinikum Dresden, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I; 🇩🇪 Dresden, Sachsen, Germany

Universitaetsklinik Heidelberg, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V; 🇩🇪 Heidelberg, Baden-Wuertemberg, Germany