Prevalence of Hyperglycemia and Anaemia in Elective Surgical Patients

Completed

• Conditions: Anemia, Iron Deficiency; Hyperglycemia

• Registration Number: NCT03318055
• Lead Sponsor: University of Cape Town

Brief Summary

The study is a prospective, observational study of adult, non-cardiac, non-obstetric, elective surgical patients conducted over a period of one week. This large-scale clinical audit aims to assess the incidence rates of anaemia and hyperglycaemia amongst elective surgical patients in the Western Cape. A study such as this is essential in the assessment of the incidence rates of abnormal fasting blood glucose levels and reduce the risk of perioperative complications for patients. Preoperative anaemia is a modifiable risk factor and should be identified early and treated appropriately to improve patient outcomes.

Detailed Description

Globally, one third of patients presenting for surgery will be anaemic, according to the WHO criteria. Preoperative anaemia is considered an independent risk factor for poorer patient outcomes, with increases in morbidity and mortality as well as prolonged length of hospital stay. However, the importance of this finding in the preoperative period is often overlooked and not corrected prior to surgery. The leading cause of preoperative anaemia is iron deficiency. Iron deficiency anaemia is common in developing countries and results mostly from nutritional deficiency. Poorly controlled Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is known to have an adverse effect on perioperative clinical outcomes, with an extended length of hospital stay and increased morbidity and mortality. Preoperative identification of patients with DM, provides a potential opportunity to reduce the risk of adverse surgical outcomes. Early identification of such patients could facilitate timely intervention and arrangement of appropriate perioperative and long-term follow-up. Studies have demonstrated that an elevated HbA1c (indicative of poor glycaemic control in the months preceding surgery) correlates with increased perioperative risk in known diabetics. On the day of surgery, before induction of anaesthesia, all patients will have a finger prick blood glucose level done by point of care glucometry, if there is no documented fasting blood glucose value in their ward file. In patients of unknown diabetic status, should the preoperative value be \>7 mmol/l, blood will be drawn when IV access is established, for HbA1C measurement. In known diabetics, a sample will be taken for HbA1C, regardless of the preoperative fasting blood glucose level, unless there is an HbA1C measurement in the previous 3 months. However, should the patient management have been modified based on the HbA1C result, a repeat HbA1C measurement would be performed

All patients will be assessed as part of the routine preoperative evaluation. Informed consent will be obtained by the anaesthetist from eligible patients who agree to participate in the study. On the day of surgery, prior to induction of anaesthesia the patients will receive a finger prick Hemoglobin (Hb) if they have not had a Hb result documented within the last 3 months. If the results meet the WHO criteria for anemia, a blood specimen will be collected when inserting the IV line. The blood specimen will be sent for Haemoglobin, mean cell volume, ferritin and transferrin saturation (TSAT) testing. All patients diagnosed with anemia will receive a patient information leaflet. They will also be referred to their local clinics or general practitioner for further evaluation and appropriate management.

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2017-10-06
• Study Start: 2017-10-16
• Study First Submitted QC: 2017-10-18
• Primary Completion: 2017-10-20
• Study Completion: 2017-10-20
• Study First Posted: 2017-10-23
• Status Verified: 2018-05
• Last Update Submitted: 2018-05-08
• Last Update Posted: 2018-05-14

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 343

Inclusion Criteria

• Adult, non-cardiac, non-obstetric, elective surgical patients

Exclusion Criteria

• Obstetric, emergency and cardiac patients

Study & Design

• Study Type: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Design: Not specified

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Prevalence of diagnosis of diabetes and anaemia	Day of surgery	Proportion of patients with diagnosis of diabetes and anaemia

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
HbA1C level	Day of surgery	Assessment of diabetic control
Transferrin saturation	Day of surgery	Diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia
Serum ferritin	Day of surgery	Diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia

Trial Locations

Locations (6)

Paarl Hospital; 🇿🇦 Paarl, Western Cape, South Africa

Victoria Hospital; 🇿🇦 Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa

Groote Schuur Hospital; 🇿🇦 Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa

George Hospital; 🇿🇦 George, Western Cape, South Africa

Mitchells Plain Hospital; 🇿🇦 Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa

Somerset Hospital; 🇿🇦 Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa