Acute Effects of Fruit Juice Enriched With Vitamin D3 or n-3 Fatty Acids or Probiotics and the Combination of the Three Ingredients on Glucose Metabolism in Healthy Adults
Overview
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Completed
- Enrollment
- 11
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Capillary blood glucose responses
Overview
Brief Summary
This study investigated the short-term effects of fruit juice enriched with Vitamin D3 or n-3 PUFA or probiotics and the combination of the three ingredients on glucose metabolism.
Detailed Description
This study aimed to 1. Determine the glycemic index and glycemic load of mixed fruit juice (pomegranate, grape, apple, and orange) enriched with Vitamin D3 or n-3 PUFA or probiotics, and the combination of the three bio-functional ingredients, compared to regular mixed fruit juice and the reference food (D-glucose), and 2.Examine the short-term effects of the five mixed fruit juices on postprandial blood glucose and salivary insulin responses, blood pressure, and subjective appetite, in healthy adults.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Crossover
- Primary Purpose
- Other
- Masking
- Double (Participant, Investigator)
Masking Description
double blind (both the investigator and the participant was not aware of the treatment)
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 18 Years to 55 Years (Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •Non-smoking
- •Non-diabetic men and women
- •Body mass index between 18.5 and 25 kg.m2
Exclusion Criteria
- •Severe chronic disease (e.g. cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, kidney or liver conditions, endocrine conditions)
- •Gastrointestinal disorders
- •Pregnancy
- •Lactation
- •Competitive sports
- •Alcohol abuse
- •Drug dependency
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Capillary blood glucose responses
Time Frame: 3 hours
Clinically useful change in blood glucose, defined as the restoration of glucose within normal limits during the 3hr glucose tolerance test
Secondary Outcomes
- Blood pressure(3 hours)
- Subjective appetite rating(3 hours)
- Salivary insulin responses(3 hours)
Investigators
Aimilia Papakonstantinou
Assistant Professor
Agricultural University of Athens